The Human Genome Project :: essays research papers

Marshall, Elizabeth L. The Human Genome Project: Cracking The Code Within Us. Â Â Â Â Â New York, New York: Franklin Watts, 1996. 1-128. Â Â Â Â Â Elizabeth L. Marshall was conceived in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She experienced childhood in zones of southern California, and in parts of New York City. She lives in Columbus, Ohio, and is at present hitched and has two little girls. She joined in and moved on from the University of Virginia with a B.A. in English. She at that point moved on from the University of Pittsburgh with a Master of Fine Arts degree in anecdotal composition. She has worked structure a few logical diaries and magazines and is an individual from the National Association of Science Writers. She has likewise composed a few notable books including Conquering Infertility: Medical Challenges and Moral Dilemmas, and High-Tech Harvest. Â Â Â Â Â I picked this book since it appeared to be a fascinating point, and in light of the fact that I figured it may assist me with seeing more things about DNA. Another person who read it said that it had a great deal to do with the things we shrouded in class as well so I figured it would be as acceptable a decision as any. Â Â Â Â Â This book is about the astonishing assignment of mapping and demonstrating all the groupings of the a large number of qualities in the human body. The book is separated into nine sections every one of which covers an alternate part of this mind boggling venture. The book informs all concerning pretty much every part of the venture. It informs all concerning the undertaking and what the fact of the matter is, the thing that has been practiced up until now, and when they anticipate that it should be done. As indicated by the presentation the undertaking is really expected to be done at some point this year. Â Â Â Â Â The first part begins with the fundamental structure of DNA and depicts how the base blending of every nucleotide makes every amino corrosive, which when all set up make a strand of DNA. It likewise gives a thought of who is taking a shot at the undertaking. She records a few significant urban areas where the task is being dealt with and afterward proceeds to clarify how between all these various groups, who are for the most part taking a shot at some extraordinary part of the venture, there are likewise somewhere in the range of 200 to 400 other littler groups all around the nation chipping away at it. The following part is about chromosome 18, and how a slight mix-up in it can cause things like mental impediment and deafness, and what they are attempting to never really stop or fix chromosome 18 erasure condition.

Digital Marketing Campaign for fictional event (Wind Racers Horses) Term Paper

Computerized Marketing Campaign for anecdotal occasion (Wind Racers Horses) - Term Paper Example The principle item that the organization bargain in is hygain adjusted. This item can play out all the referenced capacity and deal with the circumstances. The promoting for the item is significantly done through the site. The arrangement of the correspondence would include thinking about various viewpoints. Cost is a lot of basic in the arranging. The organization will consider the general expense of the crusade whether it will be costly. The crusade ought to be cost proficient (Ryan and Calvin, 63). The a lot to be associated with arriving at a given number is thought of. There ought to be no much wastage. Impact is additionally considered in the arranging. A site that is utilized ought to be that that can arrive at an enormous number of individuals who need the pony item. Personalization of the message in the site is additionally much thought of. The believability of the correspondence on the pony item is viewed as with the end goal that the data is generally acknowledged to be exact. Arranging of the site ad ought to think about the control. The site data ought to have the option to arrive at the focused on horse proprietors or thos e that manage the creature item (Ryan and Calvin, 102). The anticipating the site commercial is done in stages. The targets of the correspondence are recognized and set. The fitting financial plan is made to such an extent that the expense of the transmission is characterized. The organization should then settle on what they need the crowd to think about the item and its effect on their ponies. The focused on crowd are then chosen, and they ought to be those that manages ponies. Hygain Feeding Company produces hygain feed for ponies. The pellets are taken care of are profoundly plentiful in nutrient E and selenium that are required by the ponies for cell wellbeing, minerals, proteins and amino acids that are required for muscle fortifying and muscle advancement. The item contains biotin for foot and furthermore coat wellbeing. The item has been improved with the end goal that the substance of the pellets additionally go about as blood developers. The advancement of

Top 11 Examples of Archetypes in Literature

Top 11 Examples of Archetypes in Literature Archetypes are tools used in literature to represent common aspects of human nature and life in general. We often see archetypes clearly examined in older literature, but these archetypes continue to be used in all types of literature, from childrens books to romance and fan fiction.While we study these archetypes in books, plays, and short stories from writers like Shakespeare, Dickens, and de Maupassant, modern writers can also use these representations of human nature to develop their own characters and plots.What are the archetypes in literature?There are two sets of archetypes in literature: Character and Situation. Character archetypes are precisely what the term describes. Characters in a story perform various specific functions throughout the plot, and these functions are what determines which archetype they fit into. Situation archetypes describe how certain situations play out in the story. The character archetypes are placed within the situation archetypes. Together, they create a story.Character archetypesThe heroThe hero in a story can be male or female. This character is designed to be the good guy of the story. They are benevolent, honest, honorable, and have a passion for justice. They fight whatever evil forces are around them. This archetype represents our subconscious.All heroes share certain characteristics. These characteristics include:Unusual situations surrounding their birthThey leave their family or the area where they grew up to live life with othersSome kind of event, sometimes a tragic event, directs them into a kind of adventureHe or she has supernatural helpThey must prove themselves during their questThe heros death is often accompanied by some kind of spiritual rewardIn certain cases, heroes in stories are used to exhibit what a societys morals and values are. The hero is put into situation archetypes that society will understand and where the hero can portray what society wants people to be like.Some examples of heroes in liter ature are Beowulf, Harry Potter, Katniss from The Hunger Games series, and Dartagnan of The Three Musketeers.The mother figureIn literature, the mother figure is the character who provides either mental or physical protection or nurturing for other characters. This character doesnt have to be old, like Mother Goose. She can be the friend who helps the hero get through his task, or she can be the one who performs the selfless act in the story.While we all think of the mother figure in one specific way, her role doesnt necessarily have to abide by standard societal behaviors. For example, the mother figure in Hamlet, who happens to be Hamlets mother, is not selfless. She has a difficult time putting her wants and needs aside in order to help her son. When the mother figure does behave according to cultural expectations, it allows the reader to see some of the godly qualities we can possess.The mother figure archetype can be:NurturingSelflessTeachersSome examples of mother figures in p opular literature include:Ma Joad in The Grapes of WrathDemeter in Greek mythologyMadame Defarge in A Tale of Two CitiesThe innocentThis archetype also goes by other names. Sometimes this character is referred to as the youth, the mystic, or the naïve. This character embodies our desire to retain our youth when we are old. It shows a personality that has not been changed by the danger, depravity, or sad experiences going on in the world. They want to be happy more than anything else and want the same for everyone. They dont have the same capacity for wishing horrible things on their enemiesâ€"the innocent believes in the good in everyone.Behind this archetype is the goal of inspiring even the most apathetic audience member to choose to be good. In comparison to the hero archetype, however, the innocent is neutral. They dont have a special quest or complicated history. They are simply representative of the good.Some examples of the innocent archetype are:Pippin Took in Lord of the R ingsThe Unicorn in The Last UnicornSnow White in Snow WhiteThe mentorThe mentor archetype is often the protector. They protect the main character most of all, but they also offer help to sidekicks and secondary characters. Their goal is to help the hero be successful in the task set before him or her.This character type is often portrayed as a wise old man or woman, but this is not a requirement for the archetype. Even in more modern books, this archetype serves many functions as he or she helps the hero. For example, Q in the James Bond series is the mentor of the group. With his gadgets and unending support for Bonds needs, he allows Bond to achieve his objectives. Yoda from the Star Wars franchise and Gandalf from Lord of the Rings are other clear examples of a mentor archetype.The sidekickThe sidekick is a tool often used by the author to present his or her perspectives about the main characters, whether the protagonist or the antagonist. Sidekicks are associated with heroes and villains. They are often a channel for comic relief as well.The sidekicks main characteristic is that they are absolutely loyal to the hero or villainâ€"whichever one they are associated with in the plot. While you may not initially think of sidekicks as being brave characters, they often are written to make grand gestures, like throwing themselves in harms way to protect the hero. This is representative of some real-life situations. There are many stories surrounding selfless acts for friends and strangers.Some popular examples of sidekicks include:R2D2 in Star WarsRobin in BatmanDr. Watson in Sherlock HolmesThe scapegoatJust like its name suggests, the scapegoat is a character that is blamed for everything that goes wrong in the story. Going as far back as the Bible, scapegoats have been part of literature for quite some time. One big example of scapegoats in modern literature is the tributes in The Hunger Games series. These tributes have to pay the ultimate price for previous r ebellions.This character isnt always a major character, and can be represented by many characters or even a collective group that is held responsible for the actions of others.The villainSome peoples favorite characters are the villains in a story. Like the hero, this character archetype is usually well thought out and plays a large role throughout a story. Their sole purpose is to bring down the hero or present a literary reason for the heros quest. They are the antagonist in the story.Most literature follows a good vs. evil structure that pits one or more people against another individual or group. The villain most likely wouldnt exist without a hero, and vice versa. They need each other as two sides of the same coin.Their journeys are often juxtaposed, with similarities that they almost could unite under. Some popular villains are:Darth Vader in Star WarsDmitri and Ivan in The Brothers KaramazovSauron in Lord of the RingsSituation archetypesThe journeyThe entire plot of a story r evolves around a journey that the main character or characters have to go through. This journey could be either emotional, mental, or physical, or the journey could be a mixture of these types.This process drives the hero to discover his or her true nature or the nature of his or her existence. Throughout the journey, the hero and villain probably meet or engage multiple times, building up their need to conquer each other. One clear example of this journey is Frodos quest to destroy the one ring of power. He is accompanied by his sidekicks, is helped and led by his mentor, and experiences interactions with multiple villains. The villains in his journey are many: the ring, Sauron, Gollum, and, even at one point, Boramir. He encounters a mother figure in the elf queen Galadriel.The initiationAs the main character goes through his or her journey, he or she experiences situations through which he or she grows and matures. This maturity can be the result of good or bad experiences. Conti nuing with the example of Frodo, he begins as an innocent Hobbit who had never left the Shire, despite having read Bilbos stories about his adventures. By the end of Lord of the Rings, however, Frodo has grown emotionally and spiritually as a result of all the challenges he has had to endure. Each one of those challenges is an initiation situation archetype.Good versus evilAs mentioned above, story lines with heroes and villains revolve around some kind of good versus evil quest. Some good representations of good versus evil are Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, where Snow White is challenged by the evil queen; Lord of the Rings, as discussed above; and Shakespeares King Lear.The fallIn many, but not all stories, the main character experiences a downfall as the result of a poor choice or action. This might bring about an opportunity for redemption later in the story, or it could be the ending of the story. Some heroes are unable to rebound after experiencing a fall. Take for example Oedipus from Oedipus Rex.Another example is Mr. Rochester in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. Mr. Rochester made the mistakes of not being upfront with Jane about his mentally ill wife and of thinking he could properly care for his wife. As a result, he loses Jane and his wife burns down the house, which permanently disfigures the handsome Mr. Rochester. In the end, Jane makes her way back to him and they are able to continue their love story.Why are archetypes important in literature?Archetypes allow the reader or audience to connect certain parts of themselves with the characters, which can help them to become more invested in the story. This experience can help readers to see parts of themselves that maybe they hadnt considered before. Society as a whole might be able to see aspects of their laws or structure that maybe arent so good.Through literature and literary devices such as archetypes, society can become more aware of its positive and negative aspects, similar to the way tha t a court jester could tell the truth about a royal leader when no one else could. Common archetypes bring an aspect of realism to literature or other media that helps the story jump off of the page and into readers hearts.

The Challenges Of Equal Ness - 1615 Words

The challenges of equal-ness In 2012, a young lady by the name Malala Yousafzai was shot in the head in Pakistan by Taliban gunmen, for speaking up for her rights, rights of women and wanting an education, to learn (NBC News, 2013). This was a story that has been played around the world. A story that could be looked at by women as a treat, or more as a time to stand and fight for their rights, the right to the same privileges as men. This young lady who lived through the pain, and near death experience has become a stand for women, not just to be educated, but the right for equal rights, to be fare. You then have the crisis of economics, food prices increasing and the difficulty in obtaining funds to feed ones family in certain†¦show more content†¦Fighting for Equality is a fight for many around world. The question sits at, whom are we really fighting for justice, for equality? The right of sovereignty! The right for women to believe in sovereignty and equal rights as men can become somewhat challenging. The right to choose the food they eat, what is traded in the community, and how their money is divided and spent for the household, rights to control their land and food productions. Rights to help shield rural development, the right to choose organic farming practices; to promote rural0urban alliances and fair trade; allowed the option to reject to privatization of land, biofuels, genetically modified crops, single farming and agrochemical (Pamela Elisa, 2015). Challenges of food sovereignty and the peasant movement for women is the historic role of taking what one has and creating and regenerating supplies of goods through the collection trade and use of the most prized production, seeds. Seeds through the community, with out invisibility to hard work and labor that women have provided to try to stay relevant. Sovereignty and the peasant movement with organizations such as La Via Campesina [the worldwide farmer, peasant, and landless people movement] are fight for male to have the option and opportunity to cook and being identified in the kitchen as females being identified in the field. Being identified for the work they are doing to

Being Bullied And Having No Recollection Essay - 1440 Words

The Third Grade: Being bullied and having no recollection Introduction There comes a point in life when most young students are bullied. Some students experience worse bullying than others and suffer more greatly from it. According to US studies, â€Å"One out of every four students (22%) report being bullied during the school year. (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2015) 64 percent of children who were bullied did not report it; only 36 percent reported the bullying.† (Pacer’s, 2016) Most children do not report it, leading to their self-esteem dropping to an all-time low. Whether the child turns to God or has a friend as their saving grace, it is important that they get through those troubles. My Experience The time in my life when I was bullied was a very rough patch and unfortunately a time that I have no memory of. My brain has seemed to block out these events from my mind as I have no recollection of the third grade. I was bullied at a very young age due to my shyness. The second reason I was bullied was due to the fact I was one of the youngest students in the class and also extremely tiny for my age. I fit in better playing with the boys because they were more friendly and just as smart as me, and I was much more girly than the other 8 girls in my class. By the time I was in first grade my only two friends had moved to other schools. Because of this I was left very secluded. One of the first examples the bullying that happened was because of my size many of theShow MoreRelatedHow Stress Affects Our Lives1684 Words   |  7 Pagessecurity to hack into that kind of information, which is why this cyber-war began. While the unemployment rate is at its lowest since 1984, there are still many people without jobs. Hard working people extremely well qualified in a certain field are having troubles finding a job in their profession, or any profession for that matter. Also, companies are trying to cut costs and downsizing, causing people to lose their jobs. 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Ocean Dumping Key Issues Free Essays

Ocean Dumping: Key Issues Liz Gomez Ocean Dumping: Key Issues Marine debris is the official designation and referents to human created wastes that pollutes and are dumped deliberately or accidentally in lakes, waterways, seas and oceans. While certain debris naturally float on bodies of water (i. e. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Dumping: Key Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now ogs and trees that got cut via natural events), certain communities, peoples and industries the world over deliberately dump debris and garbage in bodies of water without much thought into the effects of such acts in relation to threats to animals (fish, sea mammals, birds, reptiles) their habitats, coastal habitations and to human industries that depend on the bounty of the sea (i. e. fishing). Of late the greatest threat are the toxins released via the practice of ocean dumping which can destroy so easily fragile ocean habitats. Plastic and Styrofoam’s, being non-biodegradable cannot breakdown and affect ocean and water inhabitants in so many ways – accumulated debris prevents photolysis, a component in photosynthesis killing marine life. Ghost nets and accumulated plastic as well as unique debris like six-pack rings can entangle marine life and result to movement restriction which can lead to starvation, laceration, infection and eventually, death. Dugongs, dolphins, sharks, reptiles, sea turtles and all sorts of fish can easily get entangled with ghost nets. Plastic bags and plastic pellets – the broken down versions of plastics via weathering clog the digestive tract of marine animals and where they pool, prevent photolysis as well. It does not help that the smaller pellets, known as nurdles resemble fish eggs. Populations of fish and sea mammals often mistake them for fish eggs and their ingestion result to death. Ever since man started sailing, the ocean has become a dumping ground for debris and materials. Greenpeace estimates that annually, containers ships lose about 10,000 containers while at sea. Adding to marine debris is the runoff from landfills storm drains. The danger in the toxic contamination via ocean dumping can be seen in varied incidents in the Arctic Sea. In the 50’s Russia dumped highly radioactive materials in their own part of the Arctic – the Barents Karas Sea but the toxicity spread through the rich fishing grounds of the international and open waters of the sea that it affected and threatened fish populations and the industry of Arctic Sea Fishing. Of recent, the experience of the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico showed how fragile marine biology is as species of marine life got heavily affected which in turn affected the fishing and tourism industries of the towns and cities around the gulf which destroyed livelihoods and way of life. Aside from the issues listed above, key concerns in relation to how ocean dumping affects human life are identified as follows (Burger, 2009) – 1) Occupational accidents, injuries, and exposures; ) Exposure of the public to hazardous or toxic materials washed up on beaches; 3) Human consumption of marine organisms that have been contaminated by ocean disposal. A further complication is the practice of legal dumping where countries (including the US) allow dumping of materials into the sea/ocean following certain situations and measures. Environmental organizations have since been advocating against such measures. To counteract them however, in the case of the US, the following measures have been put in place – †¢ Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Toxic Substances Control Act, †¢ Water Pollution Prevention and Control Act, †¢ Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act, Dangerous Cargo Act, †¢ Ports and Waterways Safety Act, †¢ Deep Water Ports Act, †¢ Ocean Dumping Act Of the above, the biggest act with a direct impact on ocean dumping is the last measure, the Ocean Dumping Act. Enacted in 1988, with additional amendments the EPA presents the highlights of the act today as follows (EPA, 2010) – †¢ TITLE I – OCEAN DUMPING BAN ACT OF 1988 (Amends the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, commonly called the â€Å"Ocean Dumping Act†) Makes it unlawful for any person to dump, or transport for the purpose of dumping, sewage sludge or industrial waste into ocean waters after December 31, 1991; †¢ Prohibits, after the 270th day after enactment, any person from dumping, or transporting for the purpose of dumping, sewage sludge or industrial waste into ocean waters unless the person: (1) enters into a compliance or enforcement agreement (which includes a plan negotiated by the dumper, the State, and EPA for terminating dumping as well as a schedule which EPA believes will result in the termination of the dumping), and (2) obtains a permit issued by EPA under authority of sec. 02 of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA); †¢ Provides for the payment of special fees for dumping and any penalties incurred by a dumper to be deposited into certain funds for use in finding alternatives to ocean dumping. †¢ TITLE II – DESIGNATION OF AREAS FOR PRIORITY CONSIDERATION UNDER NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM †¢ This title adds four new areas to the list of sites which EPA must give priority consideration when designating new estuaries for inclusion in the National Estuary Program: Massachusetts Bay; Barataria-Terrebonne Estuary Complex, Louisiana; I ndian River Lagoon, Florida; and Peconic Bay, New York. TITLE III – DUMPING OF MEDICAL WASTE †¢ Cited as the â€Å"United States Public Vessel Medical Waste Anti-Dumping Act of 1988†, this section prohibits, 6 months after enactment, disposal of potentially infectious medical waste into ocean waters by a â€Å"public vessel†. Two narrowly crafted exceptions to this prohibition relating to health and safety of the crew, or times of war or national emergency are set forth. This title also: defines â€Å"medical waste† for purposes of the Ocean Dumping Act; adds medical wastes to the list of materials the dumping of which is prohibited under the Ocean Dumping Act; increases the civil penalties for illegal dumping of medical wastes under the Ocean Dumping Act and includes a provision for forfeiture of the vessel; and provides increased criminal sanctions under the Ocean Dumping Act for illegal dumping of medical wastes; defines â€Å"medical waste† for purposes of the CWA using the same definition as for the MPRSA; and, incorporates the term â€Å"medical waste† into the list of pollutants for which the discharge is prohibited under sec. 301(f) of the CWA. †¢ TITLE IV – SHORE PROTECTION ACT OF 1988 †¢ This section prohibits the transportation of municipal or commercial waste within coastal waters by a vessel without a permit and number or other marking. The Secretary of Transportation will issue the permits. The application procedure is set forth. Grounds on which a permit may be denied are set forth. The federal Department of Transportation has discretion to deny permits, but must deny a permit if so requested by EPA. Other specifics as to this process are detailed. Opinion The advocacies of Greenpeace and agencies campaigning against ocean dumping are clear in their message. Ocean Dumping is not conducive to maintaining ecological balance and while for now it might be immediately beneficial to those legally allowed to dump waste in our oceans, in the end when the toxicity level reaches concentrations that are deadly, there will come a point where it some areas of our oceans and bodies of water will become ‘dead’ – marine life would not be supported and the toxicity from such concentrated pollution will easily affect other parts of struggling marine environments. Fishing and related industries will be affected and human life dependent on marine bounty will be deeply affected. To me, it seems that because of the vastness of the planet’s oceans and the lack of a universal enforcement body and law that can require countries and their citizens to ensure that all these rules are followed, it would seem that some of these advocacies and campaign fall into deaf earns. There are shorelines and coastlines the world over that are now full of debris, coral reefs have died, former healthy fishing habitats have now dried up. What I find most problematic is the ‘legal dumpings’ – if environmental protection of oceans is a priority surely dumpings that no doubt will increase ocean debris and contribute to water toxicity should not be tolerated. So far however in international waters, without the activity of advocates like Greenpeace, the negative effect of ocean dumping will most certainly not find its way into public concerns. A country can only police its own people and its shorelines. I believe that globalization has increased man’s activities in relation to manufacture travel and trade and pollution brought about by ocean dumping will no doubt have long term affects to the health and state of marine life all over the world. A universal measure to counteract this problem and the creation of an international agency empowered by the UN for example should be put in place to ensure that the problem does not escalate. I doubt this will happen anytime soon, however. The 1982 UN Convention on The Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982) which was enforced in 1994 is the closest but is limited for it only provides a ‘framework for the determination of the rights and obligations of states relating to the oceans’ only. While ‘Part XII contains provisions with regard to protection and preservation of the marine environment’ – they are still just non-working provisos that are having problems in terms of enforcement. Without an agency tasked to reinforce the provisos, the Law of the Sea remains ineffective. References: http://www. enotes. com/public-health-encyclopedia/ocean-dumping http://archive. greenpeace. org/odumping/ http://www1. american. edu/ted/arctic. htm http://www. epa. gov/history/topics/mprsa/02. htm http://www. pollutionissues. com/Na-Ph/Ocean-Dumping. html How to cite Ocean Dumping: Key Issues, Papers

ACME New Facitlity

Questions: Task 1a). In your role as the Project Manager for the implementation of Acmes new facility,you are required to describe the main principles of the project management processas they can be linked to the project lifecycle. You will do this in diagram form(making use of a model diagram as given in class) showing how your project fits into that model. (LO1.1)b). Suggest suitable success / failure criteria for your new project and, in doing this,you consider both process and outcome criteria as well as internal factors and therequirements of Acme Products themselves as the owner of the project.c). Project management is concerned with several objectives at the same time and these typically come under the headings of time, cost and quality. Explain, withexamples linked to each of these objectives, how project management systems and processes are designed to contribute to each of these objectives in the case of theAcme Project.d) Explain how you will terminate the Acme Project, making sure t hat your explanation includes the key elements you will be assessing as well as the items you will include in your post-project appraisal.Task 2a) List the main participants in the Acme Project giving an explanation of the roles and responsibilities of each of the participants included on your list.b) Draw up and explain a suitable organisational structure for the Acme Project. (It is essential that you include a diagram.)c) Identify and justify the skills and qualities you should possess as a leader for the Acme Project.The City College HND in Business Project Management for Business September 2015d) Specify the human resource requirements for the Acme Project then explain and justify the technical and personal characteristics you require of the people youintend to include in your Project Team.e) Develop, in diagram form, an outline work breakdown structure of no more than three levels for the Acme Project.Task 3a) Using the following list of tasks, draw up a network diagram and find the critical path for the project below. What is the final duration of the project?b) In the project described by the network in Task 3a, you are notified that the construction of the production machinery will take longer than planned by eightweeks. You must inform your client of any consequence of this delay: what do you say? You are then informed by your supplier that your supply of raw materials hasbeen affected by flooding and that you will not be able to start sourcing until 6 weeks later than planned. What is the effect of this delay and what might you doabout it?c) Explain, with your own examples. How a Gantt Chart and a Resource Histogram might be used in order to improve the management of your project.c) Explain how you might be able to Crash some activities during your project in order to finish the project more quickly.d) Explain how you will analyse Cost and Time performance for your project during its project life.e) Explain how you will manage any changes that are likely to be required during the life of your project.f) When and how will you close the project? What happens to the building and production line once you have completed your tasks as project manager?g) Explain how you will evaluate the completed project i.e. how will you decide if it has it been a success or a failure? You should also include methods of measuring the performance of a project as they will apply to the Acme Project Answers: Introduction The ACME Products Plc has a wide variety of customer database starting from production to logistics. Now the organization has decided to plant a new production facility to meet the increasing demand for their products in the market. Hence, the Board of Directors of the decision making bodies for the organization have released this project to present a view of the design of the project by applying principles of project management and evaluate the success or failure criteria of the project. This report focuses on the various principles of project management that can be applied to the success or failure criteria measurement of a project. The term project management denotes to the discipline comprising of initiation, prepare planning, execution, controlling and closeout of the activities of the project team to acquire certain goals and meet specific success criteria. Task 1: Understanding of Project Management Principles 1.1 Description of Project Background and Principles of Project at ACME Product PLC 1.1.1 Background of the Project for ACME Product PLC The main objective of the project is to design a new manufacturing facility for a business organization named ACME Products Plc that deals with the manufacturing and production of plastic tableware. The project will also include the construction of a new building, installation of production machinery, handling the supply of raw material and manufacturing as well as delivery of the finished products. The project will also focus on the arrangement for production in the new facility and integration of that with the existing factories in other parts of the country. The project will be designed with the help of project management fundamentals that will deliver to evaluate the success or failure of the project. 1.1.2 Key Principles of the Project Management at ACME Product PLC There are sure standards, which should have to be taken after when taking care of activities. According to Botchkarev and Finnigan (2015), outlined that there are seven basic principles within a project management process. Success - While undertaking of this ACME Project, the focus was dependable for the achievement of the project. The success should be considered with maintaining all principles in ACME Product PLC project. Commitment - The administration and the colleagues must be focused on the task before it comes enthusiastically. This implies there must be an agreement on the objectives, scope, quality, timeline and the expense of the task between everybody. Trade-off Triangle - This rule just implies that degree, quality, time, and cost must be feasible and they should exist in an adjusted state for a task to make it is encouraging (Clements and Gido 2012). Any of these variables cannot be changed without influencing the others. Communication Channels - A solitary channel of correspondence must exist between the project support and the task group pioneer for all choices influencing the result of the undertaking. Cultural Environment - The system for administration must match the sort of task and the present status of the project so that the group can deliver its best of yield. The group must be overseen in a way that empowers and supports them. Process - For any undertaking to succeed, methodology and approaches must be unmistakably said and should be archived. It ought to express the parts; obligations and appointments must be incorporated into strategies. These procedures serve as aides all through the lifespan of the project. (Source: Randolph 2012, pp- 81) Project Lifecycle - This standard includes the arranging and the execution periods of the undertaking. On a very basic level, arranging precedes usage. This guarantees a straightforward way and decides critical turning points in the commitment (Cooke and Tate 2011). By taking after this, we can get a reasonable picture on determining when the task begins and when it ought to end. 1.2 Evaluation of Success/Failure Criteria for the Project These are the useful components and highlight that, when finished, make up the completing deliverable for the undertaking. Assets here are the expense and the financial backing designated the particular project to be finished. The ACME Product PLC should consider in this criteria about the Key Performance Indicators for making the success identified under the project. The success factors are selected with more specific strategies of Post Performance Review reports, project assessment and evaluation accounting the indicators as well. The commitment of success should be considered as stakeholder satisfaction, their responsibility objectives, and timely delivery of by-products, expense utilization, and quality of performance. In this project, the three factors as quantity, time, and cost balanced in aspect of completion and suitable adjustments in every aspect. In ACME Product PLC, there must be suitable channels and sessions for communication and necessary interaction process as in dis cussion, face-to-face interaction, essential information sharing, and others. The timetable alludes to the exact time required and distributed to create a deliverable (Dalcher 2013). In this situation of the ACME Project, this would be the consequence of the undertaking. At the point when all these criteria will be met in the ACME Project, the achievement rate of the project will be fulfilled. If the asset and time are more utilized than the allotted sum and if the extent of the project is not achieved, it will bring about the task to meet disappointment. 1.3 Explanation of the Principles of Systems and Procedures of Project Management The idea of overseeing development projects is profoundly implanted in the conventional building acquirement framework. Frame (2014) contends that time, expense and quality are the attainable primary goals of the customer in any development project. In spite of the fact that it is guaranteed that time, expense and quality are fused in the administration of development projects, research has demonstrated that in truth a period cost predisposition exists. Time: By the ACME Project it can be stated that a restrained administration exertion is expected to finish a development project on time, and this coordinated administration attempt will control both expenses also, quality (Dinsmore and Cabanis 2011). Cost: Customers have been progressively concerned with the general productivity of activities and the responsibility of undertakings for the most part. Therefore, a toll has been taken in the ACME Project for the relationship with undertaking delays, are much of the time recognized as one of the foremost components prompting the high cost of development. Quality: To the customer, quality might be characterized as one of the segments that add to esteem for money. The joining of all capacities and forms inside of the ACME Project is kept in mind with the end goal to accomplish the perpetual change of the quality of products and administrations. 1.4 Explanation of Key elements involved in Project Termination and Post-Project Appraisals There are eight essential elements according to the Post-Project Appraisal that should be used to assess and explain the termination of the ACME Project (Gido and Clements 2012). The features that are included in the Post-Project Appraisal can be discussed as below: Overall Project Assessment: The project was carried out successfully to meet the goals and objectives that were expected to achieve with the help of this project. In context to the ACME Project, it can be said that the manufacturing facility was built according to the specifications required by the organization and taking into account the integration of production with existing factories in other parts of the country (Heagney 2012). Scope Management: The ACME Project delivered all the range that was agreed to be accomplished during the planning of the project. There was documentation of the change request and approval by Board of Directors in ACME Products Plc organization (Holzmann 2013). The time and cost were adjusted as per the change in the scope variables defined for the project. Key Accomplishment: The team members involved in the project were very productive and actively participated for the conduction of this project. Various efficient ways of equipment usage were adapted for the accomplishment of the project. The project team dealt with the problems during the building phase of the manufacturing facility and the installation of the product machinery (Scally 2013). Lessons Learned: The problems that were faced by the ACME project team mainly consisted of the team collaboration and upkeep the regular updates on the progress of the project. Therefore, to prevent such problems of team collaboration shortly the project manager must include the use of certain tools online to note the daily progress of the project and update regarding any conflict between the team members (Huemann 2013). Project Sign-off: The stakeholders were satisfied with the quality of the results that were delivered on completion of the project. Now, the project signoff should be included for terminating the venture within suitable timeline. The stakeholders should be signed off as well with considering their individual efforts in this matter. Signing off includes the detachment of them out of the project at the time of project completion. Opportunities for Improvements: The planning phase was designed to assess the risks and how the risks can be mitigated for the successful accomplishment of the project. The roles and responsibilities of the Project team members were defined before the development of the project planning. Future Consideration The actions were taken into considerations for the mitigation of the risks involved in the project for successful accomplishment in the estimated timeline and budget of the project. Adoption of Best Practices The project management tools such as the Gantt chart and Resource allocation tables were used for the proper management of resources to manage the cost of the project within the estimated budget (Hughes 2012). Task 2: Management of Projects Human Resources at ACME Product PLC 2.1 Roles and Responsibilities of Participants within the Project There are disorder and distortion of the fragments of a percentage of the experts in the administration of Construction tasks. This could be credited to numerous components. One of the variables is the absence of legitimate working learning on the larger part of individuals as to the parts of every expert in the business (Turner 2012). Project Manager - While the obligation regarding agreeing to details is immovably set with the contractual worker, the implicit supposition is made that unless a customer keeps up his particular agent or project manager on the site to watch and review the works, the resultant structure or building won't be incongruity with determined quality standard (Hydari 2013). In any case, the size, sort and many-sided quality of a specific building task might make it important to have notwithstanding the venture supervisor, an inhabitant manufacturer, occupant engineers and an inhabitant designer (Wbdg.org 2016). Contractor - Contractor was taking so as to do building improvement process by taking charge of the exercises on a building development site in deciphering outlines, working drawings, calendars and particulars into a physical structure. Civil Engineer Architect or civil engineer will deliver drawings details, plans and other applicable information that might be required for the general configuration of the task to help the amount surveyor in the readiness of bills of costs. The costing and the customer in his appraisal of the suitability of the venture, with respect to statutory prerequisites (Hllgren 2012). Surveyor - Surveyor is the overseer of area data. The size, geology, area, highlights on and underneath the field after that any advancement is manufactured, is resolved first by surveyors. Quality Surveyor - A quality engineer ought to be called upon in the early phases of an interview by the customer in light of his ability to development costs. 2.3 Identification and Justification of Skills Qualities as a Project Manager In terms of developing of ACME based big and complicated project, there are some skill and qualities are required for selection of project manager. Some of them are listed below The project manager who is equipped for reviewing materials and the workmanship of works must be an expert that is all around prepared in building development, and with preparing in undertaking administration (Ika 2015). While the project development engineer will assess those materials, and segments indicated by the venture planner furthermore check measurements physically on the construction site. The temporary worker ought to as a rule participate with the manager and regard him as the senior individual from the undertaking group whose help and exhortation will make remarkable venture execution (Wells and Kloppenborg 2015). 2.4 Explanation and Justification of required Technical and personal characteristics in Project 2.4.1 Project manager technical requirement and personal characteristics - Bachelor's or Master's degree in structural designing from a certify fourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ year school or college and a base 15 years experience on civil works. To perform this occupation effectively, an individual must have the capacity to perform every vital obligation attractively (Indelicato 2013). 2.4.2 Contractor technical requirement and personal characteristics - A decent degree or certificate in structural building is exceptionally valuable, and long involvement in development is extremely fundamental. A solid money related foundation is critical to be into development business whether as a Contractor. 2.4.3 Civil engineer requirement and personal characteristics - Forthcoming structural specialists must finish a four-year certification, which more often than not takes around four years (Joslin and Mller 2015). Development building is an expert teach that arrangements with the outlining, arranging, development, and administration of frameworks. 2.4.4 Surveyor requirement and personal characteristics- The Surveyor must be Diploma in Civil Engineering with two years relevant experience in civil construction work. Surveyors do a scope of activities to strengthen sanctioned surveyors, designers, and engineers. 2.4.5 Quality Surveyor requirement and personal characteristics The Quality Surveyor has Diploma in civil engineering and five years experience in quality surveying for civil construction (Levin 2013). 2.5 Work Breakdown Structure (Source: Created by Author in MS Visio) Task 3: Application of Project Processes and Procedures 3.1 Design of Network Diagram, Findings of Critical Path and Final Duration of Project 3.1.1 Design of Network Diagram of ACME Production Facility project (Source: Created By Author in MS Project) 3.1.2 Identification of Critical Path in ACME Production Facility project (Source: Created By Author in MS Project) 3.1.3 Final Duration The project will take around 329 days for accomplishment as assumed to start from 23/01/2016 and will complete on 28/04/2017. 3.2 Delay in the Project: Consequences The report discusses in this section about the delay in the ACME project. The project is structured for completion within eight weeks time. However, there are certain causes for that the project has the tendency of delay generated in the project. The project delay and their consequences are demonstrated here (Martinsuo 2013). Consequence 1: More cost and budget requirements The first and foremost consequence in this scenario is the cost and budget requirements. The delay may be due to a late supply of material in the project.Therefore, the alternative supplier may take extra charges for the urgent delivery of materials. Consequence 2: Change in project schedule The project manager is bound to change the project schedule in this changed context. Therefore, the length of the critical path will be longer. The critical path may help the project manager to incorporate the changes, however; the consequence will be to manage the criticality of ACME project (Mastrofini 2013). Consequence 3: Change of roles and responsibilities The project manager will have to change and revise the roles and responsibilities of certain project members to reconsider the revised timeline. The project manager has the major role for revising the roles in this project. Flooding in materials and effect of delay In a case of flooding of raw materials, the supplier should be instantly replaced with the alternative supplier in the project. The new supplier should provide the materials according to the required specifications, and management decisions. There may be little fringe in time scheduling. However, the project manager will need to revise the time scheduling to consider the alternative resource (Mir and Pinnington 2014). The materials should require testing for effectiveness and the altered completion timeline is required for Gantt chart revision. 3.2 Explanation of the use of Gantt chart and Resource Histogram for Project Management Improvement The Gantt chart is an elementary part of any project whether the project being small or large; the Gantt chart is the basic requirement of any project to handle the timeline and resource allocation. The histogram is another subsequent part of the project, and it manages the project progress along with resource allocation with separate time constraint and completion time (Randolph 2012). The Gantt chart shows clearly the segmented activities in a chart format with changing working schedule and resource effort calculation. The histogram analyzes the specific activity with proper resource allocation with individual time and progress under a particular period. Both of these resources are essential for handling the project delays and project rescheduling with critical path consideration. In the ACME project, these tools help the project manager to understand the activity priority with timely completion and generation of progress report with activity details. 3.3 Explanation of crashing some activities for Early Completion of Project The early finish of any project may be performed with either two types of strategy. The first one may be fast tracking, and another one may be crashing some activities. In this scenario, the crashing of activity is discussed with ACME project changes. The crashing is performed for improper yet lengthy activities in the project as well the costly resource employment tasks. For instance, the activity of Design Production Machinery and Build Production Machinery may be included in the project as the single task. In such way, the time should be shortened to 18 weeks. Again, the design building activity and requirements specification tasks may be merged for completion within 12 weeks time. The advertising campaign activity may be performed within two weeks time. In this manner, the total timeline will be shrunk in a smaller schedule (Richman 2012). 3.4 Analysis of Cost and Time performance for the project The cost and time performance may be measured by analysis Net Present Value and payback period analysis. The NPV analysis is essential to get a better view of present value acquisition in the project after the certain time. The NPV analysis may be performed with certain percentage of 6% rate with the discount factor of (1/1.06) yearly. Again, the payback period analysis determines the time in which the project will provide better revenues to the project employing organization (Richman and Richman 2011). In this context, ACME project should consider both of them to get project performance. 3.5 Change Management in the Project The change management will be performed with better stakeholder communication process and planning. Within the project life cycle, the project manager should have to consider a major role of revising the roles and responsibilities within stakeholder meeting. The meeting will provide individual role and activity change specification; for instance, if a natural disaster occurs as a certain incident with losing resources, then the project manager will have to accommodate the project completion within time (Rmit.edu.au 2016). Otherwise, the project may require additional cost and budget to complete with more workforces in this context. 3.6 Project Closeout Project closeout is simple with conducting a meeting with stakeholder sign-out and Post Performance Review meeting. In a case of completion of the building and production line, the stakeholders involved with the construction are signed out from the project. Then the project manager will be conducting PIR meeting for more modification and the completed project performance analysis (Roberts 2011). 3.7 Evaluation of the Completed Project The assessment of the completed project is performed with PIR meeting with employment project organization. The methods of measuring the performance of a project are may be sure KPIs of the building, the NPV analysis, payback analysis, and ROI analysis. Mainly the PIR document has some factors of completion evaluation, construction evaluation criteria, and authority reviews (Sankaran 2015). Finally, the paper is signed with approval for successful completion of the project. Conclusion The project management study is carried out on the application of project management concepts for the preparation of a project for the ACME Products Plc organization to set up a new manufacturing facility and integration of the production in the new facility with the existing factories in other parts of the country. The feedbacks from the stakeholders regarding the outcome were in the positive manner as they were regularly updated about the progress of the project. The active participation of the team members assisted in completing the project within the estimated timeframe and cost. References Botchkarev, A. and Finnigan, P., 2015. Complexity in the Context of Information Systems Project Management. Organisational Project Management, 2(1), p.15. Brown, L., 2011. Project management for the pharmaceutical industry. Farnham, England: Gower. Clements, J. and Gido, J., 2012. Effective project management. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Collins, R., 2011. Project management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Cooke, H. and Tate, K., 2011. The McGraw-Hill 36-hour course. New York: McGraw-Hill. Dalcher, D., 2013. The IT Project Management Answer Book. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(5), pp.e1-e1. Davidson Frame, J., 2014. Reconstructing Project Management. Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.e2-e2. Dinsmore, P. and Cabanis-Brewin, J., 2011. The AMA handbook of project management. New York: American Management Association. Editorial Board, 2013. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), p.IFC. Gido, J. and Clements, J., 2012. Successful project management. Mason, OH: South-Western. Hllgren, M., 2012. The construction of research questions in project management. International Journal of Project Management, 30(7), pp.804-816. Harrin, E. and Peplow, P., 2012. Customer-centric project management. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower. Heagney, J., 2012. Fundamentals of project management. New York: American Management Association. Holzmann, V., 2013. A meta-analysis of brokering knowledge in project management. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), pp.2-13. Huemann, M., 2013. Excellent research to move project management forward. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), pp.161-163. Hughes, B., 2012. Project management for IT-related projects. London: BCS. Hydari, H., 2013. Second Order Project Management. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(2), pp.100-100. Ika, L., 2015. Opening the black box of project management: Does World Bank project supervision influence project impact?. International Journal of Project Management, 33(5), pp.1111-1123. Indelicato, G., 2013. Total Quality Management for Project Management. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(4), pp.e1-e1. Joslin, R. and Mller, R., 2015. Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts. International Journal of Project Management, 33(6), pp.1377-1392. Levin, G., 2013. Project Management for Non-Project Managers. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(5), pp.e2-e2. Martinsuo, M., 2013. Project portfolio management in practice and in context. International Journal of Project Management, 31(6), pp.794-803. Mastrofini, E., 2013. Project management template / Project management facile con le mappe mentali. PROJECT MANAGER (IL), (16), pp.47-47. Mir, F. and Pinnington, A., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: Linking Project Management Performance and Project Success. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), pp.202-217. Ponnappa, G., 2014. Project Stakeholder Management. Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e3-e3. Randolph, S., 2012. Fundamentals of Project Management, Fourth Edition. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 43(4), pp.81-81. Randolph, S., 2014. Maximizing Project Value: A Project Manager's Guide. Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e2-e2. Richman, L. and Richman, L., 2011. Successful project management. New York: American Management Association. Richman, L., 2012. Improving your project management skills. New York: American Management Association. Rmit.edu.au, 2016. Construction and project management - RMIT University. [online] Available at: https://www.rmit.edu.au/study-with-us/building-construction-and-planning/construction-and-project-management/ [Accessed 23 Jan. 2016]. Roberts, P., 2011. Effective project management. London, UK: Kogan Page. Sankaran, S., 2015. Call for Papers Special issue: Project Management in the Non-Profit Sector. Organisational Project Management, 2(1). Scally, W., 2013. Sustainability in Project Management. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(2), pp.101-101. Turner, R., 2012. International Journal of Project Management, Editorial January 2012. International Journal of Project Management, 30(1), p.1. Wbdg.org, 2016. Project Planning, Delivery, and Controls | Whole Building Design Guide. [online] Available at: https://www.wbdg.org/project/ [Accessed 23 Jan. 2016]. Wells, K. and Kloppenborg, T., 2015. Project management essentials. New York, NY: Business Expert Press.

A House Filled with Memories Taking a Travel across Space and Time

There is hardly anything that people need as badly as their own hearth and home. Indeed, the very image of a house has become the symbol of stability, warmth and cozy atmosphere. A house is associated even with a family, though the two do not go together all the time. However, there is something that people seldom attribute to a house, and these are memories, which does not seem right.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A House Filled with Memories: Taking a Travel across Space and Time specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After living even for a short time in a certain place, one is likely to grow used to it and have a bunch of issues related to his/her dwelling, no matter whether it is a luxurious apartment or a humble hut, which raises the question how well memories are tied to a certain place and what the reasons for this phenomenon are. According to Bachelard, it is not the connection between time and space that wo rks for a human being, it is the fusion of space and memory. As the author says, â€Å"Her space is everything, for time ceases to quicken memory.†1 However, thinking that time in the given context can be replaced with memories would be a mistake; it seems that for the author, memory is not the alternative for time, but rather a link between time and space. While time and space can exist on their own, with a human being as a third element, there must be something that will tie time and space together in the human reality, and memories serve this purpose perfectly. The given perspective is rather peculiar, since it raises the question whether for people, memories can exist outside the space context. In other words, the question is whether there must be a â€Å"house† to attach the memories to. Again, according to the author’s viewpoint, a house is the storage for all sorts of memories; events of the past revive once someone related to these events enters the plac e. â€Å"Memories are motionless, and the more securely they are fixed in space, the sounder they are.†2 Indeed, people are likely to remember rather the environment in which something happened that anything else; these are the visuals that one refers to instantly when reminiscing. Another peculiar idea to draw from the given extract is what matters more to people, the very event or the space in which it took place. Although the former seems an obvious choice at first, the issue is still worth being considered. Even the grandest event will wear out its novelty sooner or later, which the feeling that ran through someone will stay just as vivid and tangible even years later. Thus, it is clear that memories are closely connected to the places where something to remember happened; it is not only the fact that matters to people, but also the circumstances in which it occurred.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recalling a breathtaking cruise, one is likely to recall the coziness of a cruiser cabin; likewise, when thinking of talking to someone who changed one’s life completely, one will definitely remember the sunlit room where the conversation took place and the checked wallpaper on the walls. Clinging to the small things helps people retain the big events in their memory, and this is one of the mysterious ways in which human mind works. Bibliography Bachelard, G, ‘The house from cellar to garret’ in G Bachelard (ed.), The poetics of  space, Beacon Press, Boston, MA, 1969, p. 81. Footnotes Bachelard, G, ‘The house from cellar to garret’ in G Bachelard (ed.), The poetics of space, Beacon Press, Boston, MA, 1969, p. 81. Bachelard, G, ‘The house from cellar to garret’ in G Bachelard (ed.), The poetics of space, Beacon Press, Boston, MA, 1969, p. 81. This essay on A House Filled with Memories: Taking a Travel across Space and Time was written and submitted by user Tinley Forbes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

assess the arguements for and essays

assess the arguements for and essays Assess the arguments for and against a single European currency Britain has always been the troublesome partner in the relation with the rest of Europe, whether it is because of the indecisiveness shown in the leaders involved with the Union such as the refusal to enter in the initial stages or because of Margaret Thatchers reluctance to co-operate if decisions were not in Britains best interest. In 1969 Britain finally became a member of the European Economic Community after being vetoed twice by the French leader De Gaulle, as he was unsure of Britains commitment to the Union. This and the difficulties caused by leaders such as Margaret Thatcher for the rest of the E.E.C. suggests that there may be still some animosity between the leadership especially if Britain keeps on postponing any decisions about the Euro. Traditionally a nation of Euro sceptics, much of Britain is opposed to joining the single currency and is backed by a reactive Conservative leader and some sections of the party. The recent European election showed clearly the Conservative Partys opposition to Britain becoming too involved with Europe. The hype that the Conservative Leader has set around his campaign in these elections would have stirred public opinion against the Euro, as he continually argued about the loss of national identity. If Tony Blair continues with integrating Britain into the single currency against the majority of the publics wishes, it may be likely that he will lose the next election if the nation continues to be plagued with damning reports about the effects of the Euro. One of the main problems the Government will have to deal with is to convince the general public of the benefits of the Euro. As we this country seems to have a general sense of Britishness rather than Europeanism it may be difficult to convince them that being European is the way forward. Few people know of the overall benef...

Advantages and Limitations of Traditional Research and Action Research Essay - 1

Advantages and Limitations of Traditional Research and Action Research - Essay Example This is very necessary as teachers strive to align the learning experience with technological evolution in the digital era. The use of technology standards (NETS) for teachers would be very appropriate for an action research study. This is on the grounds that one of the center standards of NETS is that instructors ought to have the capacity to outline, create, and evaluate genuine learning and educating encounters. Subsequently, assessments that join contemporary mechanical devices and assets is valuable (Smaldino, Lowther, & Russell, 2012). Thus, the results of an action research study will provide teachers with invaluable insight on planning and adjust the applicable learning encounters that use computerized assets and devices in advancing understudy innovativeness and learning. It will also enable the teachers to develop technology-based learning background (Smaldino, Lowther & Russell, 2012). Students will also be enabled to cope with their education skill and assess their progress. The study will also dwell on how teachers can focus on different learning activities. Finally, a research on the techno logy standards will enlighten teachers on ways of giving their understudies changed and different summative and developmental evaluations. These are the one adjusted to mechanical and substance gauges, and apply the ensuing data to educate the showing and learning methodology. One of the external decisions that greatly affected my classroom practice was the introduction of high stakes tests, as well as a grading policy by the head of the department. The directive stipulated that teachers were expected to conform to standardized rubric assessment criteria in all subjects. I considered this decision as inappropriate and one that would affect teaching practice in a negative way.

Written Modified Duty Program Due Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Written Modified Duty Program Due - Essay Example Apart from promoting a faster recovery, activities undertaken at work have proved to be more therapeutic than long rest or only receiving treatment in a hospital away from the workplace. Having the injured employee at work also allows for the early identification of any problem that may prevent an employee’s rehabilitation and the development of programs to overcome them (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, n.d.). Effective injury management depends on the cooperative efforts of all stakeholders – employers, workers, insurers, doctors and other health experts. The key ideologies primary to safe, early and long term return to work of injured employees include having systems in use to ensure everyone at the workplace agrees and understands what to do in the happening of an injury. Timely reporting of injuries and early intervention also promotes the place of work to be the most active place for the majority of workers to recuperate from their harm. Injuries or illness can often happen to employees either at work or even outside work. Whether they can return to work round-the-clock, part-time or can’t come back at all. It is crucial to begin to plan how and when they will safely return to work. Return to work programs has clearly stated policies and guidelines that help the injured employees go back to their employments as quickly as possible and even compensation systems that provide them with benefits and assistance to help them recover and return their standard way of life. A team tactic is often best when planning for a return to work. The reclamation team should include injured employee, employer and health providers. Consider a support person and/or union representative also. An injured employee has rights and responsibilities, and so does their employer, their insurer and treatment providers. Injury management covers all aspects of managing their damage or illness. The secret to operational injury management involves early reporting

The Success Of Judaism

The Success Of Judaism Judaism has survived throughout history by being flexible and by admitting foreign influences into its practice. Its success in the 21st century depends on its ability to continue doing this in response to the pressures of modernity. Judaism has endured the challenges imposed upon it, by its ability to preserve deep-rooted traditions of the past. It is through maintaining customs from preceding times that defines the foundations of modern day Jewish practice, be it through observance, prayer or habit. In combination to this, its capacity to be versatile and incorporate outside influence has served to maintain its popularity as a major world faith. In order to continue its future religious success, Judaism must persist upholding the traditions that it stands for. However, in the light of pressures of modernity that arise through social change, including feminism and assimilation it must also incorporate aspects of outside influence to promote its popularity. Judaism has survived through emerging itself as a faith of tradition, including those developed in both Diasporic times as well as the biblical period. It is through the upholding of various forms of tradition that has united the global Jewish population. This is evident within prayer, observance and custom. As revealed through the practice of the Orthodox Jewish population, tradition plays a major part of defining the faith through the close following of Halakah. This is evident within the environment of Orthodox synagogue services; women are prohibited from wearing pants, those who are married must cover their heads and a mekhitzah segregates the seating between men and women. Despite social change that has provided freedom from such restrictions, Orthodox Judaism has held onto these traditions, which have acted in defining it through continuity. If such aspects were removed from the service, it would alienate the Orthodox Jewish community, as it is through such customs that have b een observed throughout generations and therefore characterizes the continuing existence of the religion. It is not solely the Orthodox community that have relied upon tradition as a means to exist. Within all strands of Judaism, tradition has played a major part in the continued existence of the faith. This is evident in relation towards Jewish practice, such as through customs observed during festivals. This includes the performing of the Passover Seder, the eating of Latkes during Chanukah and the maintenance of kashrut. It is through the participation of such traditions that identifies Jewish practice. Judaism has continued to exist through the desire to maintain tradition through historical descent. As Jacob Neusner states, the Judaic religious tradition is shaped by the historical life of the Jewish people therefore indicating how elements of Jewish historical significance have acted in forming and strengthening an attachment to the faith. This is evident when referring to various periods such as the destruction of the second Temple and the Holocaust. The destruction of the Temple led Jews to consolidate their beliefs through the emergence of Rabbinic Judaism and the tragedy of the Holocaust has stood for and continues to stand for an attachment to the faith. Poll after poll of American Jews in the 1990s found that the Holocaust surpassed Israel, Judaism, or any other factor as the basis of the Jewish Identity. Such moments of historical significance represent an increased strength of faith in times of adversity. In combination to the preservation of tradition to explain the survival of the faith, it is also evident that its continuing presence is determined through its ability to subject itself to change through time. This is evident through the emergence of various strands of Judaism that emerged after Jews were emancipated in Europe. As revealed through the surfacing of Reform Judaism with its popularity, in nineteenth century Germany, the religion has survived through its ability to adapt; they encouraged prayer in the local vernacular rather than in Hebrew, a way of diminishing the difference between them and their non-Jewish neighbours. This is an indication that as circumstances and living environments change, Judaism has adapted in order to maintain its popularity as a key religion. As Jews after Haskalah were no longer constricted to the bounds of the shtetlack, and began to interact within mainstream society, it reveals how Judaism was able to accommodate this new lifestyle through encompassing foreign influence. Apart from incorporating German (or other native language) into prayer, aspects include the introduction of a sermon, as well as the use of organ music within the service, both of which derive from Protestant worship. In the environment of the New World, Judaism continued to exist through its ability to incorporate elements of American ideology. With the development of concepts such as the melting pot, putting forward ideas of multiculturalism, America was representing and continues to represent itself as a centre of mixed ethnicity and religion that came to include Judaism; the United States isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a pluralistic society in which Otherness is accepted, if grudgingly at times, and diversity is tolerated and occasionally even celebrated. This is because with the influx of Immigrants that came to form modern America, Judaism provided Jews with an ethnicity to define themselves against immigrants who associated themselves through being Chinese, Italian or other nationality. The American environment therefore promoted its popularity and helped to uphold its existence. It is evident that the environment of America has influenced religious practice, as indicated through change in custom as a r esult of social change in America (and the modern world). While Orthodox Judaism has maintained tradition, and not welcomed much outside influence, the rise of the popularity of the Conservative and Reform movements indicates that social change in America has had an influence upon upholding the faith. This is evident in respect to custom, such as attitudes towards Halakah within these branches of American Judaism. Conservative Judaism, the most popular American branch of Judaism has sought its popularity through incorporating social values accepted by mainstream American society and transferring them into Jewish practice .Halakhah is presented as a historical phenomenon, capable of adjusting to meet changing realities imposed by sociology, economics, politics, science and technology. This is evident by its growing acceptance of womens influence within the synagogue service such as through the acceptance of the ordination of women Rabbis as well as the absence of a mekhitzah within prayer. Similarly, the Reform movement rejects the traditional interpretation of Halakhah and presents it as non-abiding. In practice, this leads traditional aspects of practice non-compulsory such as the abidance of the Jewish dietary laws of kashrut; they believe that the dietary laws are antiquated and serve no practical function and point out that they are a major factor in separating Jews from the rest of their fellowmen This indicates how such non-Orthodox movements introduce new thought into the faith, not derived through traditional means. To an extent, the future of Judaism relies on its ability to remain flexible and accepting of outside influence. This is because, as indicated through the popularity of Conservative and Reform synagogues, Judaism must incorporate customs of modernity to ensure it survival and strength. It is through issues of modernity such as feminism and assimilation that Judaism must respond to and accommodate in order to remain attractive to future generations, whom determine its long term success. As made apparent in Jew Vs Jew, the Conservative movement has permitted women some equality to men, as indicated through the publication of the new Conservative prayer book; The Siddur Sim Shalomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦now included two versions of the Amidah, without the Matriarchs on page 3a and with them on 3b . It is through such developments as including recognizing women in liturgy, permitting the ordination of Rabbis and authorizing women to wear tallit and kippot that allows Judaism to reflect modernity and remain popular. However, as indicated within this instance, responding to modernity is a continuing process; Jewish feminists, such as Rachel Adler will continue to press for further reform within the traditional service to make Judaism more reflective of secular civil rights. Modernity has led Jews to live within the spheres of the secular world, which while has offered increased opportunity, socially, economically and politically, has led to an increased level of assimilation. As highlighted by Stephen Bloom through his own experience as a Jew within secular America; few of my friends learned Hebrew, few families lit candles at Shabbos dinner and few celebrated the Sabbath, assimilation constituted the diluting of Jewish practice. With the rise of assimilation into mainstream American culture, Judaism must search for new influences and measures in order to secure the future success of the faith. This is because, at present, especially within the environment of Orthodox Judaism, it is increasingly difficult to incorporate Jewish practice within the secular way of living. This is as a result of Halakha which places restrictions over modern life. This includes the prohibition of driving or working during Shabbat, dietary restrictions through the laws of kashrut and attempting to observe Jewish holidays within the calendar of the secular world. At present, such prohibitions prove to be discouraging to Jews who place high value over their secular lives, especially those in the younger generations. As it is these individuals who will determine the future existence and strength of the faith, Judaism must continue being flexible in order to survive. It is through measures as adopted by The Sinai Temple of Los Angeles with its Friday night Live services, which provide young people with a synagogue service reflective of a rock concert, encouraging wide audiences across the city that lies in future popularity of the faith. This is because it is through such methods that Jews, who would otherwise neglect Jewish practice, continue to uphold the faith. To maintain the popularity of Judaism, it has to subject itself to change. However, in doing this, it sacrifices much of the traditions, which to many Jews are definitive of the faith. It is therefore arguable that many of the changes that occur through social change and modernity sacrifice the essence of Judaism. It is due to this that explains why the Orthodox and Ultra-Orthodox strands of Judaism maintain concepts and practices that in the era of modern times can appear antiquated and sexist. This is indicated in Postville, to which indicates how Hassidic Jews have protected and continue to protect themselves from influence of secular culture in order to uphold the traditions that Judaism holds; to remain pure the Jews would not allow their children to go to Postville public schoolsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Hasidim were loathe to rely on anyone outside their Mispocheh, extended family. As evident through the elite world of Hassidim, it is revealed how Orthodox Judaism has continued and wil l continue to exist through maintaining a traditional life, according to Halakah and upholding the practice of a tight Jewish community. It is of importance to uphold the Jewish tradition in order to prevent assimilation through intermarriage. A 1990 National Jewish Population Survey concluded that an intermarriage rate of 52% existed in the United States, signifying a steady downfall of American Jewry. This is because the increase of intermarriage indicates a more remote chance that Judaism will continue to survive through future generations. In order to ensure the future existence of Judaism, the faith must emphasize the spirit of Jewish tradition through maintaining some aspects of continuity, such as the practice of the Friday night Shabbat meal and holiday observance such as the Passover Seder in order to continue to provide a strong Jewish culture that appears attractive to have the desire to maintain. On one side were Jewsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦for whom being Jewish meant keeping our Jewishness subordinate to our being American. On the other side were Orthodox Jews, who retained their religion and the daily practice of it essential to their existence. Ultra-Orthodox Jews largely disassociated themselves from mainstream American culture, which they viewed as a threat to Jewish identity. Judaism has continued and will continue to exist while there is a choice of denominations which will accommodate various needs and lifestyles. It is through the combination of maintaining elements of traditional continuity while incorporating aspects of modernity which leads to a popular faith. Although this suggests that Conservative Judaism stands as future of Jewish existence, it is because there are multiple movements within the faith that permits Judaism to continue to survive. With the differing variations of the Jewish faith, it provides and will continue to provide a choice to the modern Jew that reflects the lifestyle that he or she chooses to adopt. Work Cited Scheindlin, Ray A Short History of the Jewish People Oxford University Press (1998) Robinson, George Essential Judaism Pocket Books (2000) Freedman, Samuel Jew vs. Jew Simon and Schuster (2001) Bloom, Stephen G. Postville: A Clash of Cultures in Heartland America Harcourt (2000) Harris, Lis Holy Days, The World of a Hassidic Family Simon and Schuster (1995)

Lord of the Flies- Who Is the Best Leader Essay

In the novel, there is a clear, constant battle for leadership between two of the main characters, Ralph and Jack. The two characters are completely different- as you could say they are the antithesis of one another. In appearance, character, desires (as one wants control through order and civilization and one in self-entertainment). I am going to show how and why Jack Merridew is clearly a better, more appealing leader of the two. First things first, an interesting scene is the one of the elections, at the start of the novel, as the author clearly emphasises the embarrassment and anger Jack feels as he loses the vote. Many judge this negatively, as to pointing out the selfishness and avarice of power Jack demonstrates, but turning the tables, you could also notice Jack’s confidence before the actual elections. This might suggest how Jack is completely sure he can be a better leader, which after turns out to be true towards the end of the novel. Secondly, I would like to point out again how attractive Jack is towards the rest of the boys, as he satisfies completely their primal desires: fun, hunting, messing around. He shows this several times, one of them being: â€Å"he gave a wild whoop and leapt on the pale sand. At once the platform was full of noise and excitement, scrambling, screams and laughter.† This particularly evidences the esteem and admiration the kids feel towards Jack. This is a reason he could be a better leader. Who wants to be a boring, civilized loser, and not a courageous, enthusiastic hunter who likes to kill everything? Which kid would not choose a trusty and confident, skilful leader, over a weak, unstable drag, who can only rely on a fat chatterbox with no benefits of any kind? Therefore this means that I would like to refer again to Ralph’s instability and lack of confidence, as he actually admits in a way to piggy, that Jack is much superior to him, and this is the worst thing a leader can do: not believe in himself. Even more severe is the fact that Ralph almost fears Jack, not only as a menace to his reputation and leadership, but also as a major threat to him. This is shown as Piggy states how Jack detests him, but also detests Ralph, â€Å"maybe because he’s the leader†. He simply says, â€Å"But he’s Jack Merridew!† Another proof of Jack’s power of attention over the kids is after his speech: â€Å"Jack handed the conch and sat. The whole assembly applauded in relief.† He had just insulted most of the little kids, saying they were â€Å"a bunch of cry-babies† which â€Å"never helped doing anything†. But they applauded anyways; by this we can deduce that he is a general referring-point for all, as a brave, imponent figure. But in this case it is important to draw out the fact that Jack just gave spirit and taught a lesson to the littleuns. To conclude the speech, I am going to finish by saying that Jack is certainly the most catchy and enthusiastic leader, and a perfect one, for boys and â€Å"littleuns†. Said, because even the author himself outlines this, by this last quote made by Ralph, which states Jack’s supremacy on him and the boys.

Glass Castle Essay

However, there are some far more substantial themes and symbols taking place within the novel. These themes require a little more critical thought, and aren’t directly delivered to the reader. One of these themes being the heavy emphasis placed on the glass castle, and also metaphorically what it signifies to Jeanette and her father, Rex. Through extensive deliberation and thought, the meaning of the glass castle becomes clear. It stands for the contrast between how Jeanette views her father, and how everyone else sees him. The idea of the glass castle in itself is the idolized version of Rex that Jeanette sees, while the reality of it never being completed, represents the views that everyone else has. Throughout the novel there are multiple instances that show the strong love and trust Jeanette feels for her father. A bond that remains strong, even when other member’s of the family have lost some of that trust. This contrast of emotions can best be described through various quotes given throughout the novel. â€Å"In my mind, Dad was perfect, although he did have what mom called a bit of a drinking situation† (Walls 23). This is one of the first occasions where the reader is introduced to the contrasting feelings about Rex that members of the Walls family have. Jeannette, despite already knowing that her father has a drinking problem at a young age, still feels that her father can do no wrong. This sets the scene for how most of the book develops, Jeannette idolizing her father, despite the slight disdain visibly felt by others. â€Å"We laughed about all the kids who believed in the Santa Clause myth and got nothing but a bunch of cheap plastic toys. Years from now, when all the junk they got is broken and long forgotten,’ dad said, ‘ you’ll still have your stars† (41). This is yet another example of the strong bond developed between Rex and Jeannette. However, it is important to note this quote is delivered at a time when Rex is still in relatively good standings with the rest of the family, besides just Jeannette. On that Christmas, even though he couldn’t provide his children with material gifts, he was still able to deliver a memorable gift, which the children could cherish for the rest of their lives. I swear honey, there are times when I think you’re the only one around who still has faith in me,’ he said. ’I don’t know what I’d do if you ever lost it. ’ I told him I would never lose faith in him. And I promised myself I never would† (78-79). This quote perfectly sums up the relationship Rex had with his daughter. It also further exemplifies th e acknowledged differences between how Jeannette feels about her father, and how the rest of the family feels. Even though Rex has let Jeannette down just as many times as Lori, or Brian, she is still able to somehow see past these faults of Rex’s. Throughout this novel the character’s general feelings on Rex sway dramatically. Even Jeannette’s feelings for her father are tried at some points. Yet through everything that happens she never truly loses faith in her father. Jeannette always maintains a sense of respect and love for Rex, despite the tribulations he has brought the family through. Even up to his last moments on his deathbed, Jeannette’s positive feelings for her father remain strong. This contrasted affection between what Jeannette feels for Rex, and what everyone else thinks, is what the glass castle really signifies.

98 Election Vocabulary Terms

Every November has an Election Day, set by statute as the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November. This day is provided for the  general elections  of  federal  public officials. General elections of state and local public officials are   included on this first Tuesday after November 1. To talk about the importance of any federal, state, and local elections, students will need to understand the key terms or vocabulary as part of their  civics instruction.   The  Social Studies Frameworks for College, Career, and Civic Life  (C3s) outline  the requirements teachers must follow to prepare students to participate in a productive constitutional democracy:​ ....[student] civic engagement requires knowledge of the history, principles, and foundations of our American democracy, and the ability to participate in civic and democratic processes. People demonstrate civic engagement when they address public problems individually and collaboratively and when they maintain, strengthen, and improve communities and societies. Thus, civics is, in part, the study of how people participate in governing society (31). Associate Justice Sandra Day O’Connor  echoed the responsibility that teachers have to prepare students for their role as citizens. She has stated: â€Å"Knowledge about our system of government, our rights and responsibilities as citizens, is not passed down through the gene pool. Each generation must be taught and we have work to do!† To understand any upcoming election, high school students should become familiar with the vocabulary of the electoral process. Teachers should be aware that some language is also cross-disciplinary. For example, personal appearance can refer to a persons wardrobe and demeanor, but in the context of an election, it means an event that a candidate attends in person.   Teachers can use an analogy to objects students know to teach some of the vocabulary  needed for informed citizenship.   For example, the teacher may write on the board, â€Å"The candidate stands by his record.† Students may then say what they think the term means. The teacher can then discuss with the students the nature of a  candidates record  (something written down or what a person says). This will help students understand how the context of the word record  is more specific in an election: record: a list showing a candidates or elected officials voting history (often in relation to a specific issue) Once they understand the meaning of the word, students may then decide to research a candidates record on websites such as Ontheissues.org. Vocabulary Software Program One way to help students become familiar with this election year vocabulary is to have them use the digital platform Quizlet. This free software gives teachers and students a variety of modes: specialized learning mode, flashcards, randomly generated tests, and collaboration tools to study words. Teachers can create, copy, and modify vocabulary lists to suit the needs of their students; not all words need to be included. The entire list of the 98 words below isavailable on QUIZLETfor teachers and students. 98 Vocabulary Terms for the Election Season: Absentee ballot: a mailable paper ballot that is used by voters who will not be able to vote on Election Day (like military personnel stationed overseas). The absentee ballots are mailed before election day and counted on election day. Abstain: to refuse to exercise the right to vote. Acceptance speech: speech delivered by a candidate when accepting a political party’s nomination for the national presidential election. Absolute majority: a total of more than 50% of the votes cast. Alternative energy:  a source of energy other than fossil fuels, e.g. wind, solar Amendment: a  change to the U.S. Constitution or the constitution of a state. Voters must approve any changes to a constitution. Bipartisan: support that is given by members of the two major political parties (i.e.: the Democrats and the Republicans).   Blanket primary: a primary election in which the names of all the candidates for all the parties are on one ballot. Ballot: either in paper form or electronic, the way voters to show their vote preferences or a list of candidates. (ballot box: the  box used to hold ballots to be counted). Campaign: the process of gathering public support for a candidate. Campaign ad:  advertising in support of (or against) a candidate. Campaign finance:  money political candidates use for their campaigns. Campaign mailing:  flyers, letters, postcards, etc., mailed to citizens to promote a candidate. Campaign website:  Internet website devoted to getting an individual elected. Campaign season: a period of time that candidates work to inform the public and gain support before the election. Candidate: the person running for elected office. Cast:  to vote for a candidate or issue Caucus: meetings where political party leaders and supporters choose candidates through discussion and consensus. Center: representing  those beliefs that are in the middle between conservative and liberal ideals. Citizen: A person who is a legal member of a nation, country, or other organized, self-governing political community, such as any of the fifty U.S. states. Chief Executive:  Presidential role involving overseeing the Executive Branch of the government Closed primary: a primary election in which only those voters who have registered as belonging to a particular political party can vote. Coalition:  a group of political stakeholders that are working together. Commander-In-Chief:  Presidents role as being the leader of the military Congressional district: an area within a state from which a member of the House of Representatives is elected. There are 435 Congressional districts. Conservative:  have a belief or political leaning that favors individuals and businesses—not the government— to find solutions for society’s problems. Constituency:  the voters in a district that a legislator represents Contributor/donor: a person or organization that donates money to a candidate’s campaign for office. Consensus:  a majority agreement or opinion. Convention:  a meeting where a political party chooses its presidential candidate. Delegates:  the people who have been chosen to represent each state at a political party’s convention. Democracy:  a form of government in which people hold power, either by voting for measures directly or by voting for representatives who vote for them. Electorate:  all persons having the right to vote. Election Day: the Tuesday after the first Monday in November;   2016 Election will be held November 8th. Electoral College: each state has a group of people called electors who cast the actual votes for president. This group of 538 people  is chosen by the voters to elect the President of the United States.  When people vote for a presidential candidate, they are voting to decide for which candidate the electors in their state will vote.  electors: people elected by the voters in a presidential election as members of the electoral college Endorsement:  the support or approval for a candidate by a prominent individual. Exit poll: an informal poll taken as people leave the voting booth. Exit polls are used to predict the winners before the polls close. Federal system: a  form of government in which power is divided among a central government and state and local governments. Front-runner:  a front-runner is a political candidate who looks as though he/she is winning G.O.P.: the nickname used for the Republican Party and stands for the Grand Old Party. Inauguration Day: the day a new president and vice president are sworn into office (January 20). Incumbent: a  person who already holds an office who is running for reelection independent voter:  A person who chooses to register to vote with no party affiliation. The decision to register as an independent voter does not register a voter with any third party although these third parties are often referred to as independent parties. Initiative:  a  proposed law that voters can place on the ballot in some states. If the initiative is passed, it will become a law or constitutional amendment. Issues: topics on which citizens feel strongly;  common examples are immigration, access to health care, finding energy sources, and how to provide quality education. Leadership qualities:  personality traits that inspire confidence -- include honesty, good communication skills, trustworthiness, commitment, intelligence Left: another word for liberal political views. Liberal: political leaning that favors  the governments role in solving society’s problems and a belief that government should take action for creating solutions. Libertarian:  a person who belongs to the Libertarian political party. Majority party: the political party that is represented by more than 50% of the members in the Senate or the House of Representatives. Majority rule: A principle of democracy that the greater number of citizens in any political unit should select officials and determine policies. Majority rule is one of the most important principles of democracy but is not always practiced in societies that value consensus.   Media: news organizations that deliver information through television, radio, newspaper, or the Internet.   Midterm election: a general election that does not occur during a presidential election year. In a midterm election, some members of the US Senate, members of the House of Representatives, and many state and local positions are elected. Minority party: the political party that is represented by less than 50% of the members in the Senate or the House of Representatives.   Minority rights: the principle of a constitutional democracy that government elected by a majority must respect the basic right of minorities. National convention:  National Party meeting where candidates are selected and the platform is created. Natural-born citizen:  citizenship requirements for running for President. Negative ads:  political advertisements that attack the candidates opponent, often trying to destroy the opponents character. Nominee: the candidate a political party chooses or nominates, to run in the national election. Nonpartisan: free from party affiliation or bias. Opinion polls: surveys that ask members of the public how they feel about different issues. Partisan: relating to a particular political party;  biased in support of a side; favoring one side of an issue. Personal appearance: an event that a candidate attends in person. Platform: A political partys formal statement of basic principles, stands on major issues, and objectives Policy: position the government takes on what role the government should have in solving the issues facing our country. Political symbols: The Republican Party is symbolized as an elephant. The Democratic Party is symbolized as a donkey. Political Action Committee (PAC): an organization that is formed by an individual or special interest group to raise money for political campaigns. Political machines:  an organization linked to a political party that often controlled local government Political parties: organized groups of people who share similar beliefs about how the government should be run and how the issues facing our country should be solved. Poll:  sample of opinions taken from a random group of people; used to show where citizens stand on issues and/or candidates. Polling place:  a place where voters go to cast their votes in an election. Pollster:  someone who conducts surveys of public opinion. Popular vote: a  tally of all the votes citizens have cast in the presidential election. Precinct:  a district of a city or town marked out for administrative purposes -usually 1000 persons. Press secretary: a person who deals with the media for the candidate Presumptive nominee:  the candidate who is assured of his or her partys nomination, but has not yet been formally nominated Presidential ticket: the joint listing of the presidential and vice presidential candidates on the same ballot as required by the Twelfth Amendment. Primary election: an election in which people vote for the presidential candidate they want to represent their political party in the national election.   Primary season: the months during which states hold primary elections. Public interest group:  an organization that seeks a collective good that will not selectively and materially benefit the members of the group. Record: information about how a politician has voted on bills and statements made about issues while serving in office. Recount: counting the votes again if there is some disagreement about the election process Referendum:  Ã‚  a proposed piece of legislation (a law) that people can directly vote on. (also called a ballot measure, initiative or proposition)  Ã‚  Referendums approved by the voters become law.   Representative:  a member of the House of Representatives, also called a congressman or congresswoman Republic:  Ã‚  A country that has a government in which power is held by the people who elect representatives to manage the government for them.   Right: another word for conservative political views. Running mate: a candidate who is running for office with another candidate on the same ticket. (Example: president and vice president). succession:  a word that refers to the sequence of who will become President after an election or in an emergency. suffrage:  the right, privilege, or act of voting. Swing voters: voters who do not have a commitment to a particular political party. Taxes: money paid by citizens to fund the government and public services. Third party: any political party other than the two major parties (Republican and Democratic).   Town Hall meeting:  discussion in which people in the community voice opinions, ask questions and hear responses from candidates running for office. Two-party system: political party system with two major political parties. Voting age: The 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution says that people have the right to vote when they turn 18. Voting Rights Act: An act passed in 1965 that protected the right to vote for all U.S. citizens. It forced the states to obey the U.S. Constitution. It made it clear that the right to vote could not be denied because of a person’s color or race. Vice President:  the office that also serves as the President of the Senate. Ward:  a district into which a city or town is divided for the purpose of administration and elections.