The Human Genome Project :: essays research papers

Marshall, Elizabeth L. The Human Genome Project: Cracking The Code Within Us. Â Â Â Â Â New York, New York: Franklin Watts, 1996. 1-128. Â Â Â Â Â Elizabeth L. Marshall was conceived in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She experienced childhood in zones of southern California, and in parts of New York City. She lives in Columbus, Ohio, and is at present hitched and has two little girls. She joined in and moved on from the University of Virginia with a B.A. in English. She at that point moved on from the University of Pittsburgh with a Master of Fine Arts degree in anecdotal composition. She has worked structure a few logical diaries and magazines and is an individual from the National Association of Science Writers. She has likewise composed a few notable books including Conquering Infertility: Medical Challenges and Moral Dilemmas, and High-Tech Harvest. Â Â Â Â Â I picked this book since it appeared to be a fascinating point, and in light of the fact that I figured it may assist me with seeing more things about DNA. Another person who read it said that it had a great deal to do with the things we shrouded in class as well so I figured it would be as acceptable a decision as any. Â Â Â Â Â This book is about the astonishing assignment of mapping and demonstrating all the groupings of the a large number of qualities in the human body. The book is separated into nine sections every one of which covers an alternate part of this mind boggling venture. The book informs all concerning pretty much every part of the venture. It informs all concerning the undertaking and what the fact of the matter is, the thing that has been practiced up until now, and when they anticipate that it should be done. As indicated by the presentation the undertaking is really expected to be done at some point this year. Â Â Â Â Â The first part begins with the fundamental structure of DNA and depicts how the base blending of every nucleotide makes every amino corrosive, which when all set up make a strand of DNA. It likewise gives a thought of who is taking a shot at the undertaking. She records a few significant urban areas where the task is being dealt with and afterward proceeds to clarify how between all these various groups, who are for the most part taking a shot at some extraordinary part of the venture, there are likewise somewhere in the range of 200 to 400 other littler groups all around the nation chipping away at it. The following part is about chromosome 18, and how a slight mix-up in it can cause things like mental impediment and deafness, and what they are attempting to never really stop or fix chromosome 18 erasure condition.

Digital Marketing Campaign for fictional event (Wind Racers Horses) Term Paper

Computerized Marketing Campaign for anecdotal occasion (Wind Racers Horses) - Term Paper Example The principle item that the organization bargain in is hygain adjusted. This item can play out all the referenced capacity and deal with the circumstances. The promoting for the item is significantly done through the site. The arrangement of the correspondence would include thinking about various viewpoints. Cost is a lot of basic in the arranging. The organization will consider the general expense of the crusade whether it will be costly. The crusade ought to be cost proficient (Ryan and Calvin, 63). The a lot to be associated with arriving at a given number is thought of. There ought to be no much wastage. Impact is additionally considered in the arranging. A site that is utilized ought to be that that can arrive at an enormous number of individuals who need the pony item. Personalization of the message in the site is additionally much thought of. The believability of the correspondence on the pony item is viewed as with the end goal that the data is generally acknowledged to be exact. Arranging of the site ad ought to think about the control. The site data ought to have the option to arrive at the focused on horse proprietors or thos e that manage the creature item (Ryan and Calvin, 102). The anticipating the site commercial is done in stages. The targets of the correspondence are recognized and set. The fitting financial plan is made to such an extent that the expense of the transmission is characterized. The organization should then settle on what they need the crowd to think about the item and its effect on their ponies. The focused on crowd are then chosen, and they ought to be those that manages ponies. Hygain Feeding Company produces hygain feed for ponies. The pellets are taken care of are profoundly plentiful in nutrient E and selenium that are required by the ponies for cell wellbeing, minerals, proteins and amino acids that are required for muscle fortifying and muscle advancement. The item contains biotin for foot and furthermore coat wellbeing. The item has been improved with the end goal that the substance of the pellets additionally go about as blood developers. The advancement of

Top 11 Examples of Archetypes in Literature

Top 11 Examples of Archetypes in Literature Archetypes are tools used in literature to represent common aspects of human nature and life in general. We often see archetypes clearly examined in older literature, but these archetypes continue to be used in all types of literature, from childrens books to romance and fan fiction.While we study these archetypes in books, plays, and short stories from writers like Shakespeare, Dickens, and de Maupassant, modern writers can also use these representations of human nature to develop their own characters and plots.What are the archetypes in literature?There are two sets of archetypes in literature: Character and Situation. Character archetypes are precisely what the term describes. Characters in a story perform various specific functions throughout the plot, and these functions are what determines which archetype they fit into. Situation archetypes describe how certain situations play out in the story. The character archetypes are placed within the situation archetypes. Together, they create a story.Character archetypesThe heroThe hero in a story can be male or female. This character is designed to be the good guy of the story. They are benevolent, honest, honorable, and have a passion for justice. They fight whatever evil forces are around them. This archetype represents our subconscious.All heroes share certain characteristics. These characteristics include:Unusual situations surrounding their birthThey leave their family or the area where they grew up to live life with othersSome kind of event, sometimes a tragic event, directs them into a kind of adventureHe or she has supernatural helpThey must prove themselves during their questThe heros death is often accompanied by some kind of spiritual rewardIn certain cases, heroes in stories are used to exhibit what a societys morals and values are. The hero is put into situation archetypes that society will understand and where the hero can portray what society wants people to be like.Some examples of heroes in liter ature are Beowulf, Harry Potter, Katniss from The Hunger Games series, and Dartagnan of The Three Musketeers.The mother figureIn literature, the mother figure is the character who provides either mental or physical protection or nurturing for other characters. This character doesnt have to be old, like Mother Goose. She can be the friend who helps the hero get through his task, or she can be the one who performs the selfless act in the story.While we all think of the mother figure in one specific way, her role doesnt necessarily have to abide by standard societal behaviors. For example, the mother figure in Hamlet, who happens to be Hamlets mother, is not selfless. She has a difficult time putting her wants and needs aside in order to help her son. When the mother figure does behave according to cultural expectations, it allows the reader to see some of the godly qualities we can possess.The mother figure archetype can be:NurturingSelflessTeachersSome examples of mother figures in p opular literature include:Ma Joad in The Grapes of WrathDemeter in Greek mythologyMadame Defarge in A Tale of Two CitiesThe innocentThis archetype also goes by other names. Sometimes this character is referred to as the youth, the mystic, or the naïve. This character embodies our desire to retain our youth when we are old. It shows a personality that has not been changed by the danger, depravity, or sad experiences going on in the world. They want to be happy more than anything else and want the same for everyone. They dont have the same capacity for wishing horrible things on their enemiesâ€"the innocent believes in the good in everyone.Behind this archetype is the goal of inspiring even the most apathetic audience member to choose to be good. In comparison to the hero archetype, however, the innocent is neutral. They dont have a special quest or complicated history. They are simply representative of the good.Some examples of the innocent archetype are:Pippin Took in Lord of the R ingsThe Unicorn in The Last UnicornSnow White in Snow WhiteThe mentorThe mentor archetype is often the protector. They protect the main character most of all, but they also offer help to sidekicks and secondary characters. Their goal is to help the hero be successful in the task set before him or her.This character type is often portrayed as a wise old man or woman, but this is not a requirement for the archetype. Even in more modern books, this archetype serves many functions as he or she helps the hero. For example, Q in the James Bond series is the mentor of the group. With his gadgets and unending support for Bonds needs, he allows Bond to achieve his objectives. Yoda from the Star Wars franchise and Gandalf from Lord of the Rings are other clear examples of a mentor archetype.The sidekickThe sidekick is a tool often used by the author to present his or her perspectives about the main characters, whether the protagonist or the antagonist. Sidekicks are associated with heroes and villains. They are often a channel for comic relief as well.The sidekicks main characteristic is that they are absolutely loyal to the hero or villainâ€"whichever one they are associated with in the plot. While you may not initially think of sidekicks as being brave characters, they often are written to make grand gestures, like throwing themselves in harms way to protect the hero. This is representative of some real-life situations. There are many stories surrounding selfless acts for friends and strangers.Some popular examples of sidekicks include:R2D2 in Star WarsRobin in BatmanDr. Watson in Sherlock HolmesThe scapegoatJust like its name suggests, the scapegoat is a character that is blamed for everything that goes wrong in the story. Going as far back as the Bible, scapegoats have been part of literature for quite some time. One big example of scapegoats in modern literature is the tributes in The Hunger Games series. These tributes have to pay the ultimate price for previous r ebellions.This character isnt always a major character, and can be represented by many characters or even a collective group that is held responsible for the actions of others.The villainSome peoples favorite characters are the villains in a story. Like the hero, this character archetype is usually well thought out and plays a large role throughout a story. Their sole purpose is to bring down the hero or present a literary reason for the heros quest. They are the antagonist in the story.Most literature follows a good vs. evil structure that pits one or more people against another individual or group. The villain most likely wouldnt exist without a hero, and vice versa. They need each other as two sides of the same coin.Their journeys are often juxtaposed, with similarities that they almost could unite under. Some popular villains are:Darth Vader in Star WarsDmitri and Ivan in The Brothers KaramazovSauron in Lord of the RingsSituation archetypesThe journeyThe entire plot of a story r evolves around a journey that the main character or characters have to go through. This journey could be either emotional, mental, or physical, or the journey could be a mixture of these types.This process drives the hero to discover his or her true nature or the nature of his or her existence. Throughout the journey, the hero and villain probably meet or engage multiple times, building up their need to conquer each other. One clear example of this journey is Frodos quest to destroy the one ring of power. He is accompanied by his sidekicks, is helped and led by his mentor, and experiences interactions with multiple villains. The villains in his journey are many: the ring, Sauron, Gollum, and, even at one point, Boramir. He encounters a mother figure in the elf queen Galadriel.The initiationAs the main character goes through his or her journey, he or she experiences situations through which he or she grows and matures. This maturity can be the result of good or bad experiences. Conti nuing with the example of Frodo, he begins as an innocent Hobbit who had never left the Shire, despite having read Bilbos stories about his adventures. By the end of Lord of the Rings, however, Frodo has grown emotionally and spiritually as a result of all the challenges he has had to endure. Each one of those challenges is an initiation situation archetype.Good versus evilAs mentioned above, story lines with heroes and villains revolve around some kind of good versus evil quest. Some good representations of good versus evil are Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, where Snow White is challenged by the evil queen; Lord of the Rings, as discussed above; and Shakespeares King Lear.The fallIn many, but not all stories, the main character experiences a downfall as the result of a poor choice or action. This might bring about an opportunity for redemption later in the story, or it could be the ending of the story. Some heroes are unable to rebound after experiencing a fall. Take for example Oedipus from Oedipus Rex.Another example is Mr. Rochester in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. Mr. Rochester made the mistakes of not being upfront with Jane about his mentally ill wife and of thinking he could properly care for his wife. As a result, he loses Jane and his wife burns down the house, which permanently disfigures the handsome Mr. Rochester. In the end, Jane makes her way back to him and they are able to continue their love story.Why are archetypes important in literature?Archetypes allow the reader or audience to connect certain parts of themselves with the characters, which can help them to become more invested in the story. This experience can help readers to see parts of themselves that maybe they hadnt considered before. Society as a whole might be able to see aspects of their laws or structure that maybe arent so good.Through literature and literary devices such as archetypes, society can become more aware of its positive and negative aspects, similar to the way tha t a court jester could tell the truth about a royal leader when no one else could. Common archetypes bring an aspect of realism to literature or other media that helps the story jump off of the page and into readers hearts.

The Challenges Of Equal Ness - 1615 Words

The challenges of equal-ness In 2012, a young lady by the name Malala Yousafzai was shot in the head in Pakistan by Taliban gunmen, for speaking up for her rights, rights of women and wanting an education, to learn (NBC News, 2013). This was a story that has been played around the world. A story that could be looked at by women as a treat, or more as a time to stand and fight for their rights, the right to the same privileges as men. This young lady who lived through the pain, and near death experience has become a stand for women, not just to be educated, but the right for equal rights, to be fare. You then have the crisis of economics, food prices increasing and the difficulty in obtaining funds to feed ones family in certain†¦show more content†¦Fighting for Equality is a fight for many around world. The question sits at, whom are we really fighting for justice, for equality? The right of sovereignty! The right for women to believe in sovereignty and equal rights as men can become somewhat challenging. The right to choose the food they eat, what is traded in the community, and how their money is divided and spent for the household, rights to control their land and food productions. Rights to help shield rural development, the right to choose organic farming practices; to promote rural0urban alliances and fair trade; allowed the option to reject to privatization of land, biofuels, genetically modified crops, single farming and agrochemical (Pamela Elisa, 2015). Challenges of food sovereignty and the peasant movement for women is the historic role of taking what one has and creating and regenerating supplies of goods through the collection trade and use of the most prized production, seeds. Seeds through the community, with out invisibility to hard work and labor that women have provided to try to stay relevant. Sovereignty and the peasant movement with organizations such as La Via Campesina [the worldwide farmer, peasant, and landless people movement] are fight for male to have the option and opportunity to cook and being identified in the kitchen as females being identified in the field. Being identified for the work they are doing to

Being Bullied And Having No Recollection Essay - 1440 Words

The Third Grade: Being bullied and having no recollection Introduction There comes a point in life when most young students are bullied. Some students experience worse bullying than others and suffer more greatly from it. According to US studies, â€Å"One out of every four students (22%) report being bullied during the school year. (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2015) 64 percent of children who were bullied did not report it; only 36 percent reported the bullying.† (Pacer’s, 2016) Most children do not report it, leading to their self-esteem dropping to an all-time low. Whether the child turns to God or has a friend as their saving grace, it is important that they get through those troubles. My Experience The time in my life when I was bullied was a very rough patch and unfortunately a time that I have no memory of. My brain has seemed to block out these events from my mind as I have no recollection of the third grade. I was bullied at a very young age due to my shyness. The second reason I was bullied was due to the fact I was one of the youngest students in the class and also extremely tiny for my age. I fit in better playing with the boys because they were more friendly and just as smart as me, and I was much more girly than the other 8 girls in my class. By the time I was in first grade my only two friends had moved to other schools. Because of this I was left very secluded. One of the first examples the bullying that happened was because of my size many of theShow MoreRelatedHow Stress Affects Our Lives1684 Words   |  7 Pagessecurity to hack into that kind of information, which is why this cyber-war began. While the unemployment rate is at its lowest since 1984, there are still many people without jobs. Hard working people extremely well qualified in a certain field are having troubles finding a job in their profession, or any profession for that matter. Also, companies are trying to cut costs and downsizing, causing people to lose their jobs. A lot of this is still an after effect of the Great Recession in 2007, whichRead MoreCauses of Homophobic Bullying1551 Words   |  6 Pagesits causes and effects, to a potentially hostile audience. In the lecture, Burns talks about the unbearable pain of being bullied, as he was bullied himself as a young person in school. From personal experience, Burns can relate to the litany of cases he lists in the lecture, along with photographs of the people who took their own lives because they were being severely bullied and not helped by friends, family members, or teachers. The problem of homophobic bullying is an epidemic, accordingRead MoreWhat Is Your First Recollection About Your Cultural Background Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is your first recollection about your cultural background? My first recollection about my cultural background started in junior high school because this is when people start fitting into groups or cliques and people tend to be in groups with their friends. The different types of groups included the preps, jocks, band geeks, hoods, druggies, and bookworms to name a few examples. Of course, I was not into sports so much or band, however, I fit with many different groups because I had friendsRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1267 Words   |  6 Pagesmental illness. Hurtful media representations, offensive commentaries, negative attitudes, and being shunned or rejected are common life experiences of people with schizophrenia. These stigmas have the ability to shape ones lifestyle and past experiences in a negative and harmful manner (Mote, Stuart, Kring, 2014). Having these experiences and emotional responses may lead to an individual not having high amounts of self-worth, or happiness in their lifetime. For these reasons, it is importantRead MoreAudrie And Daisy : A Documentary Analysis1469 Words   |  6 Pagesher body with salacious comments using indelible marker, and sexually assault her while others digitally document the incursion. Having no recollection of the events that have taken place, Audrie begins investigating her own assault through social media and Facebook messaging, discovering not only the details of her assault, but the appalling things that are being said about her. Conflicted and feeling incapable of escaping the onslaught, she relays to her abusers that â€Å"I now have a reputationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Documentary Audrie Daisy Essay1466 Words   |  6 Pagescomments written in indelible marker, and sexually assaulted by John R. and John H., while others digitally document the incursion. Having no recollection of the events that took place, Audrie is forced to investigate her own assault through social media and Facebook messaging, discovering not only the details of her assault, but the appalling things that are being said about her. Conflicted and feeling incapable of escaping the onslaught, she relays to her abusers that â€Å"I now have a reputationRead MoreAn Analysis Of Audrie Daisy, Husband And Wife Director Team Bonnie Cohen Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pagesher body with salacious comments using indelible marker, and sexually assault her while others digitally document the incursion. Having no recollection of the events that have taken place, Audrie begins investigating her own assault through social media and Facebook messaging, discovering not only the details of her assault, but the appalling things that are being said about her. Conflicted and feeling incapable of escaping the onslaught, she relays to her abusers that â€Å"I now have a reputationRead MoreThe Documentary : Audrie Daisy, Husband And Wife Director Team Bonnie Cohen Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagesgraffiti her body with salacious comments using indelible marker, and sexually assault her while others digitally document the incursion. Having no recollection of the events that took place, Audrie begins investigating her own assault through social media and Facebook messaging, discovering not only the details of her assault, but the appalling things that are being said about her. Conflicted and feeling incapable of escaping the onslaught, she relays to her abusers that â€Å"I now have a reputation IRead MoreThe Broad World Of American Theatre1691 Words   |  7 PagesSaint Judas’s (1896) became America’s first written closet drama, centered on the passionate friendship between the two main characters: The Best Man and the Bridegroom. From the opening scene, it is made evident through the Bridegroom’s nostalgic recollections, that the two friends are very close: â€Å"You have shared my thoughts, my ideas, my secrets, my ambitions. We have eaten together; we have slept together; we have fought side by side. We are of the same age, the same height – my eyes have always beenRead MoreBei ng Born Black And The United States Of America Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesBeing born black in the United States of America carries certain stereotypical ideas that automatically invade a person’s mind. At the top of the list they come from a single parent home, and more than likely have no relationship with their father if they even know who their father is. I was one of the fortunate few blacks in my community to be raised by my biological parents who were married long before I was born and remained married 48 years and were separated by the passing of my dad in 2014

Ocean Dumping Key Issues Free Essays

Ocean Dumping: Key Issues Liz Gomez Ocean Dumping: Key Issues Marine debris is the official designation and referents to human created wastes that pollutes and are dumped deliberately or accidentally in lakes, waterways, seas and oceans. While certain debris naturally float on bodies of water (i. e. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Dumping: Key Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now ogs and trees that got cut via natural events), certain communities, peoples and industries the world over deliberately dump debris and garbage in bodies of water without much thought into the effects of such acts in relation to threats to animals (fish, sea mammals, birds, reptiles) their habitats, coastal habitations and to human industries that depend on the bounty of the sea (i. e. fishing). Of late the greatest threat are the toxins released via the practice of ocean dumping which can destroy so easily fragile ocean habitats. Plastic and Styrofoam’s, being non-biodegradable cannot breakdown and affect ocean and water inhabitants in so many ways – accumulated debris prevents photolysis, a component in photosynthesis killing marine life. Ghost nets and accumulated plastic as well as unique debris like six-pack rings can entangle marine life and result to movement restriction which can lead to starvation, laceration, infection and eventually, death. Dugongs, dolphins, sharks, reptiles, sea turtles and all sorts of fish can easily get entangled with ghost nets. Plastic bags and plastic pellets – the broken down versions of plastics via weathering clog the digestive tract of marine animals and where they pool, prevent photolysis as well. It does not help that the smaller pellets, known as nurdles resemble fish eggs. Populations of fish and sea mammals often mistake them for fish eggs and their ingestion result to death. Ever since man started sailing, the ocean has become a dumping ground for debris and materials. Greenpeace estimates that annually, containers ships lose about 10,000 containers while at sea. Adding to marine debris is the runoff from landfills storm drains. The danger in the toxic contamination via ocean dumping can be seen in varied incidents in the Arctic Sea. In the 50’s Russia dumped highly radioactive materials in their own part of the Arctic – the Barents Karas Sea but the toxicity spread through the rich fishing grounds of the international and open waters of the sea that it affected and threatened fish populations and the industry of Arctic Sea Fishing. Of recent, the experience of the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico showed how fragile marine biology is as species of marine life got heavily affected which in turn affected the fishing and tourism industries of the towns and cities around the gulf which destroyed livelihoods and way of life. Aside from the issues listed above, key concerns in relation to how ocean dumping affects human life are identified as follows (Burger, 2009) – 1) Occupational accidents, injuries, and exposures; ) Exposure of the public to hazardous or toxic materials washed up on beaches; 3) Human consumption of marine organisms that have been contaminated by ocean disposal. A further complication is the practice of legal dumping where countries (including the US) allow dumping of materials into the sea/ocean following certain situations and measures. Environmental organizations have since been advocating against such measures. To counteract them however, in the case of the US, the following measures have been put in place – †¢ Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Toxic Substances Control Act, †¢ Water Pollution Prevention and Control Act, †¢ Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act, Dangerous Cargo Act, †¢ Ports and Waterways Safety Act, †¢ Deep Water Ports Act, †¢ Ocean Dumping Act Of the above, the biggest act with a direct impact on ocean dumping is the last measure, the Ocean Dumping Act. Enacted in 1988, with additional amendments the EPA presents the highlights of the act today as follows (EPA, 2010) – †¢ TITLE I – OCEAN DUMPING BAN ACT OF 1988 (Amends the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, commonly called the â€Å"Ocean Dumping Act†) Makes it unlawful for any person to dump, or transport for the purpose of dumping, sewage sludge or industrial waste into ocean waters after December 31, 1991; †¢ Prohibits, after the 270th day after enactment, any person from dumping, or transporting for the purpose of dumping, sewage sludge or industrial waste into ocean waters unless the person: (1) enters into a compliance or enforcement agreement (which includes a plan negotiated by the dumper, the State, and EPA for terminating dumping as well as a schedule which EPA believes will result in the termination of the dumping), and (2) obtains a permit issued by EPA under authority of sec. 02 of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA); †¢ Provides for the payment of special fees for dumping and any penalties incurred by a dumper to be deposited into certain funds for use in finding alternatives to ocean dumping. †¢ TITLE II – DESIGNATION OF AREAS FOR PRIORITY CONSIDERATION UNDER NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM †¢ This title adds four new areas to the list of sites which EPA must give priority consideration when designating new estuaries for inclusion in the National Estuary Program: Massachusetts Bay; Barataria-Terrebonne Estuary Complex, Louisiana; I ndian River Lagoon, Florida; and Peconic Bay, New York. TITLE III – DUMPING OF MEDICAL WASTE †¢ Cited as the â€Å"United States Public Vessel Medical Waste Anti-Dumping Act of 1988†, this section prohibits, 6 months after enactment, disposal of potentially infectious medical waste into ocean waters by a â€Å"public vessel†. Two narrowly crafted exceptions to this prohibition relating to health and safety of the crew, or times of war or national emergency are set forth. This title also: defines â€Å"medical waste† for purposes of the Ocean Dumping Act; adds medical wastes to the list of materials the dumping of which is prohibited under the Ocean Dumping Act; increases the civil penalties for illegal dumping of medical wastes under the Ocean Dumping Act and includes a provision for forfeiture of the vessel; and provides increased criminal sanctions under the Ocean Dumping Act for illegal dumping of medical wastes; defines â€Å"medical waste† for purposes of the CWA using the same definition as for the MPRSA; and, incorporates the term â€Å"medical waste† into the list of pollutants for which the discharge is prohibited under sec. 301(f) of the CWA. †¢ TITLE IV – SHORE PROTECTION ACT OF 1988 †¢ This section prohibits the transportation of municipal or commercial waste within coastal waters by a vessel without a permit and number or other marking. The Secretary of Transportation will issue the permits. The application procedure is set forth. Grounds on which a permit may be denied are set forth. The federal Department of Transportation has discretion to deny permits, but must deny a permit if so requested by EPA. Other specifics as to this process are detailed. Opinion The advocacies of Greenpeace and agencies campaigning against ocean dumping are clear in their message. Ocean Dumping is not conducive to maintaining ecological balance and while for now it might be immediately beneficial to those legally allowed to dump waste in our oceans, in the end when the toxicity level reaches concentrations that are deadly, there will come a point where it some areas of our oceans and bodies of water will become ‘dead’ – marine life would not be supported and the toxicity from such concentrated pollution will easily affect other parts of struggling marine environments. Fishing and related industries will be affected and human life dependent on marine bounty will be deeply affected. To me, it seems that because of the vastness of the planet’s oceans and the lack of a universal enforcement body and law that can require countries and their citizens to ensure that all these rules are followed, it would seem that some of these advocacies and campaign fall into deaf earns. There are shorelines and coastlines the world over that are now full of debris, coral reefs have died, former healthy fishing habitats have now dried up. What I find most problematic is the ‘legal dumpings’ – if environmental protection of oceans is a priority surely dumpings that no doubt will increase ocean debris and contribute to water toxicity should not be tolerated. So far however in international waters, without the activity of advocates like Greenpeace, the negative effect of ocean dumping will most certainly not find its way into public concerns. A country can only police its own people and its shorelines. I believe that globalization has increased man’s activities in relation to manufacture travel and trade and pollution brought about by ocean dumping will no doubt have long term affects to the health and state of marine life all over the world. A universal measure to counteract this problem and the creation of an international agency empowered by the UN for example should be put in place to ensure that the problem does not escalate. I doubt this will happen anytime soon, however. The 1982 UN Convention on The Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982) which was enforced in 1994 is the closest but is limited for it only provides a ‘framework for the determination of the rights and obligations of states relating to the oceans’ only. While ‘Part XII contains provisions with regard to protection and preservation of the marine environment’ – they are still just non-working provisos that are having problems in terms of enforcement. Without an agency tasked to reinforce the provisos, the Law of the Sea remains ineffective. References: http://www. enotes. com/public-health-encyclopedia/ocean-dumping http://archive. greenpeace. org/odumping/ http://www1. american. edu/ted/arctic. htm http://www. epa. gov/history/topics/mprsa/02. htm http://www. pollutionissues. com/Na-Ph/Ocean-Dumping. html How to cite Ocean Dumping: Key Issues, Papers

ACME New Facitlity

Questions: Task 1a). In your role as the Project Manager for the implementation of Acmes new facility,you are required to describe the main principles of the project management processas they can be linked to the project lifecycle. You will do this in diagram form(making use of a model diagram as given in class) showing how your project fits into that model. (LO1.1)b). Suggest suitable success / failure criteria for your new project and, in doing this,you consider both process and outcome criteria as well as internal factors and therequirements of Acme Products themselves as the owner of the project.c). Project management is concerned with several objectives at the same time and these typically come under the headings of time, cost and quality. Explain, withexamples linked to each of these objectives, how project management systems and processes are designed to contribute to each of these objectives in the case of theAcme Project.d) Explain how you will terminate the Acme Project, making sure t hat your explanation includes the key elements you will be assessing as well as the items you will include in your post-project appraisal.Task 2a) List the main participants in the Acme Project giving an explanation of the roles and responsibilities of each of the participants included on your list.b) Draw up and explain a suitable organisational structure for the Acme Project. (It is essential that you include a diagram.)c) Identify and justify the skills and qualities you should possess as a leader for the Acme Project.The City College HND in Business Project Management for Business September 2015d) Specify the human resource requirements for the Acme Project then explain and justify the technical and personal characteristics you require of the people youintend to include in your Project Team.e) Develop, in diagram form, an outline work breakdown structure of no more than three levels for the Acme Project.Task 3a) Using the following list of tasks, draw up a network diagram and find the critical path for the project below. What is the final duration of the project?b) In the project described by the network in Task 3a, you are notified that the construction of the production machinery will take longer than planned by eightweeks. You must inform your client of any consequence of this delay: what do you say? You are then informed by your supplier that your supply of raw materials hasbeen affected by flooding and that you will not be able to start sourcing until 6 weeks later than planned. What is the effect of this delay and what might you doabout it?c) Explain, with your own examples. How a Gantt Chart and a Resource Histogram might be used in order to improve the management of your project.c) Explain how you might be able to Crash some activities during your project in order to finish the project more quickly.d) Explain how you will analyse Cost and Time performance for your project during its project life.e) Explain how you will manage any changes that are likely to be required during the life of your project.f) When and how will you close the project? What happens to the building and production line once you have completed your tasks as project manager?g) Explain how you will evaluate the completed project i.e. how will you decide if it has it been a success or a failure? You should also include methods of measuring the performance of a project as they will apply to the Acme Project Answers: Introduction The ACME Products Plc has a wide variety of customer database starting from production to logistics. Now the organization has decided to plant a new production facility to meet the increasing demand for their products in the market. Hence, the Board of Directors of the decision making bodies for the organization have released this project to present a view of the design of the project by applying principles of project management and evaluate the success or failure criteria of the project. This report focuses on the various principles of project management that can be applied to the success or failure criteria measurement of a project. The term project management denotes to the discipline comprising of initiation, prepare planning, execution, controlling and closeout of the activities of the project team to acquire certain goals and meet specific success criteria. Task 1: Understanding of Project Management Principles 1.1 Description of Project Background and Principles of Project at ACME Product PLC 1.1.1 Background of the Project for ACME Product PLC The main objective of the project is to design a new manufacturing facility for a business organization named ACME Products Plc that deals with the manufacturing and production of plastic tableware. The project will also include the construction of a new building, installation of production machinery, handling the supply of raw material and manufacturing as well as delivery of the finished products. The project will also focus on the arrangement for production in the new facility and integration of that with the existing factories in other parts of the country. The project will be designed with the help of project management fundamentals that will deliver to evaluate the success or failure of the project. 1.1.2 Key Principles of the Project Management at ACME Product PLC There are sure standards, which should have to be taken after when taking care of activities. According to Botchkarev and Finnigan (2015), outlined that there are seven basic principles within a project management process. Success - While undertaking of this ACME Project, the focus was dependable for the achievement of the project. The success should be considered with maintaining all principles in ACME Product PLC project. Commitment - The administration and the colleagues must be focused on the task before it comes enthusiastically. This implies there must be an agreement on the objectives, scope, quality, timeline and the expense of the task between everybody. Trade-off Triangle - This rule just implies that degree, quality, time, and cost must be feasible and they should exist in an adjusted state for a task to make it is encouraging (Clements and Gido 2012). Any of these variables cannot be changed without influencing the others. Communication Channels - A solitary channel of correspondence must exist between the project support and the task group pioneer for all choices influencing the result of the undertaking. Cultural Environment - The system for administration must match the sort of task and the present status of the project so that the group can deliver its best of yield. The group must be overseen in a way that empowers and supports them. Process - For any undertaking to succeed, methodology and approaches must be unmistakably said and should be archived. It ought to express the parts; obligations and appointments must be incorporated into strategies. These procedures serve as aides all through the lifespan of the project. (Source: Randolph 2012, pp- 81) Project Lifecycle - This standard includes the arranging and the execution periods of the undertaking. On a very basic level, arranging precedes usage. This guarantees a straightforward way and decides critical turning points in the commitment (Cooke and Tate 2011). By taking after this, we can get a reasonable picture on determining when the task begins and when it ought to end. 1.2 Evaluation of Success/Failure Criteria for the Project These are the useful components and highlight that, when finished, make up the completing deliverable for the undertaking. Assets here are the expense and the financial backing designated the particular project to be finished. The ACME Product PLC should consider in this criteria about the Key Performance Indicators for making the success identified under the project. The success factors are selected with more specific strategies of Post Performance Review reports, project assessment and evaluation accounting the indicators as well. The commitment of success should be considered as stakeholder satisfaction, their responsibility objectives, and timely delivery of by-products, expense utilization, and quality of performance. In this project, the three factors as quantity, time, and cost balanced in aspect of completion and suitable adjustments in every aspect. In ACME Product PLC, there must be suitable channels and sessions for communication and necessary interaction process as in dis cussion, face-to-face interaction, essential information sharing, and others. The timetable alludes to the exact time required and distributed to create a deliverable (Dalcher 2013). In this situation of the ACME Project, this would be the consequence of the undertaking. At the point when all these criteria will be met in the ACME Project, the achievement rate of the project will be fulfilled. If the asset and time are more utilized than the allotted sum and if the extent of the project is not achieved, it will bring about the task to meet disappointment. 1.3 Explanation of the Principles of Systems and Procedures of Project Management The idea of overseeing development projects is profoundly implanted in the conventional building acquirement framework. Frame (2014) contends that time, expense and quality are the attainable primary goals of the customer in any development project. In spite of the fact that it is guaranteed that time, expense and quality are fused in the administration of development projects, research has demonstrated that in truth a period cost predisposition exists. Time: By the ACME Project it can be stated that a restrained administration exertion is expected to finish a development project on time, and this coordinated administration attempt will control both expenses also, quality (Dinsmore and Cabanis 2011). Cost: Customers have been progressively concerned with the general productivity of activities and the responsibility of undertakings for the most part. Therefore, a toll has been taken in the ACME Project for the relationship with undertaking delays, are much of the time recognized as one of the foremost components prompting the high cost of development. Quality: To the customer, quality might be characterized as one of the segments that add to esteem for money. The joining of all capacities and forms inside of the ACME Project is kept in mind with the end goal to accomplish the perpetual change of the quality of products and administrations. 1.4 Explanation of Key elements involved in Project Termination and Post-Project Appraisals There are eight essential elements according to the Post-Project Appraisal that should be used to assess and explain the termination of the ACME Project (Gido and Clements 2012). The features that are included in the Post-Project Appraisal can be discussed as below: Overall Project Assessment: The project was carried out successfully to meet the goals and objectives that were expected to achieve with the help of this project. In context to the ACME Project, it can be said that the manufacturing facility was built according to the specifications required by the organization and taking into account the integration of production with existing factories in other parts of the country (Heagney 2012). Scope Management: The ACME Project delivered all the range that was agreed to be accomplished during the planning of the project. There was documentation of the change request and approval by Board of Directors in ACME Products Plc organization (Holzmann 2013). The time and cost were adjusted as per the change in the scope variables defined for the project. Key Accomplishment: The team members involved in the project were very productive and actively participated for the conduction of this project. Various efficient ways of equipment usage were adapted for the accomplishment of the project. The project team dealt with the problems during the building phase of the manufacturing facility and the installation of the product machinery (Scally 2013). Lessons Learned: The problems that were faced by the ACME project team mainly consisted of the team collaboration and upkeep the regular updates on the progress of the project. Therefore, to prevent such problems of team collaboration shortly the project manager must include the use of certain tools online to note the daily progress of the project and update regarding any conflict between the team members (Huemann 2013). Project Sign-off: The stakeholders were satisfied with the quality of the results that were delivered on completion of the project. Now, the project signoff should be included for terminating the venture within suitable timeline. The stakeholders should be signed off as well with considering their individual efforts in this matter. Signing off includes the detachment of them out of the project at the time of project completion. Opportunities for Improvements: The planning phase was designed to assess the risks and how the risks can be mitigated for the successful accomplishment of the project. The roles and responsibilities of the Project team members were defined before the development of the project planning. Future Consideration The actions were taken into considerations for the mitigation of the risks involved in the project for successful accomplishment in the estimated timeline and budget of the project. Adoption of Best Practices The project management tools such as the Gantt chart and Resource allocation tables were used for the proper management of resources to manage the cost of the project within the estimated budget (Hughes 2012). Task 2: Management of Projects Human Resources at ACME Product PLC 2.1 Roles and Responsibilities of Participants within the Project There are disorder and distortion of the fragments of a percentage of the experts in the administration of Construction tasks. This could be credited to numerous components. One of the variables is the absence of legitimate working learning on the larger part of individuals as to the parts of every expert in the business (Turner 2012). Project Manager - While the obligation regarding agreeing to details is immovably set with the contractual worker, the implicit supposition is made that unless a customer keeps up his particular agent or project manager on the site to watch and review the works, the resultant structure or building won't be incongruity with determined quality standard (Hydari 2013). In any case, the size, sort and many-sided quality of a specific building task might make it important to have notwithstanding the venture supervisor, an inhabitant manufacturer, occupant engineers and an inhabitant designer (Wbdg.org 2016). Contractor - Contractor was taking so as to do building improvement process by taking charge of the exercises on a building development site in deciphering outlines, working drawings, calendars and particulars into a physical structure. Civil Engineer Architect or civil engineer will deliver drawings details, plans and other applicable information that might be required for the general configuration of the task to help the amount surveyor in the readiness of bills of costs. The costing and the customer in his appraisal of the suitability of the venture, with respect to statutory prerequisites (Hllgren 2012). Surveyor - Surveyor is the overseer of area data. The size, geology, area, highlights on and underneath the field after that any advancement is manufactured, is resolved first by surveyors. Quality Surveyor - A quality engineer ought to be called upon in the early phases of an interview by the customer in light of his ability to development costs. 2.3 Identification and Justification of Skills Qualities as a Project Manager In terms of developing of ACME based big and complicated project, there are some skill and qualities are required for selection of project manager. Some of them are listed below The project manager who is equipped for reviewing materials and the workmanship of works must be an expert that is all around prepared in building development, and with preparing in undertaking administration (Ika 2015). While the project development engineer will assess those materials, and segments indicated by the venture planner furthermore check measurements physically on the construction site. The temporary worker ought to as a rule participate with the manager and regard him as the senior individual from the undertaking group whose help and exhortation will make remarkable venture execution (Wells and Kloppenborg 2015). 2.4 Explanation and Justification of required Technical and personal characteristics in Project 2.4.1 Project manager technical requirement and personal characteristics - Bachelor's or Master's degree in structural designing from a certify fourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ year school or college and a base 15 years experience on civil works. To perform this occupation effectively, an individual must have the capacity to perform every vital obligation attractively (Indelicato 2013). 2.4.2 Contractor technical requirement and personal characteristics - A decent degree or certificate in structural building is exceptionally valuable, and long involvement in development is extremely fundamental. A solid money related foundation is critical to be into development business whether as a Contractor. 2.4.3 Civil engineer requirement and personal characteristics - Forthcoming structural specialists must finish a four-year certification, which more often than not takes around four years (Joslin and Mller 2015). Development building is an expert teach that arrangements with the outlining, arranging, development, and administration of frameworks. 2.4.4 Surveyor requirement and personal characteristics- The Surveyor must be Diploma in Civil Engineering with two years relevant experience in civil construction work. Surveyors do a scope of activities to strengthen sanctioned surveyors, designers, and engineers. 2.4.5 Quality Surveyor requirement and personal characteristics The Quality Surveyor has Diploma in civil engineering and five years experience in quality surveying for civil construction (Levin 2013). 2.5 Work Breakdown Structure (Source: Created by Author in MS Visio) Task 3: Application of Project Processes and Procedures 3.1 Design of Network Diagram, Findings of Critical Path and Final Duration of Project 3.1.1 Design of Network Diagram of ACME Production Facility project (Source: Created By Author in MS Project) 3.1.2 Identification of Critical Path in ACME Production Facility project (Source: Created By Author in MS Project) 3.1.3 Final Duration The project will take around 329 days for accomplishment as assumed to start from 23/01/2016 and will complete on 28/04/2017. 3.2 Delay in the Project: Consequences The report discusses in this section about the delay in the ACME project. The project is structured for completion within eight weeks time. However, there are certain causes for that the project has the tendency of delay generated in the project. The project delay and their consequences are demonstrated here (Martinsuo 2013). Consequence 1: More cost and budget requirements The first and foremost consequence in this scenario is the cost and budget requirements. The delay may be due to a late supply of material in the project.Therefore, the alternative supplier may take extra charges for the urgent delivery of materials. Consequence 2: Change in project schedule The project manager is bound to change the project schedule in this changed context. Therefore, the length of the critical path will be longer. The critical path may help the project manager to incorporate the changes, however; the consequence will be to manage the criticality of ACME project (Mastrofini 2013). Consequence 3: Change of roles and responsibilities The project manager will have to change and revise the roles and responsibilities of certain project members to reconsider the revised timeline. The project manager has the major role for revising the roles in this project. Flooding in materials and effect of delay In a case of flooding of raw materials, the supplier should be instantly replaced with the alternative supplier in the project. The new supplier should provide the materials according to the required specifications, and management decisions. There may be little fringe in time scheduling. However, the project manager will need to revise the time scheduling to consider the alternative resource (Mir and Pinnington 2014). The materials should require testing for effectiveness and the altered completion timeline is required for Gantt chart revision. 3.2 Explanation of the use of Gantt chart and Resource Histogram for Project Management Improvement The Gantt chart is an elementary part of any project whether the project being small or large; the Gantt chart is the basic requirement of any project to handle the timeline and resource allocation. The histogram is another subsequent part of the project, and it manages the project progress along with resource allocation with separate time constraint and completion time (Randolph 2012). The Gantt chart shows clearly the segmented activities in a chart format with changing working schedule and resource effort calculation. The histogram analyzes the specific activity with proper resource allocation with individual time and progress under a particular period. Both of these resources are essential for handling the project delays and project rescheduling with critical path consideration. In the ACME project, these tools help the project manager to understand the activity priority with timely completion and generation of progress report with activity details. 3.3 Explanation of crashing some activities for Early Completion of Project The early finish of any project may be performed with either two types of strategy. The first one may be fast tracking, and another one may be crashing some activities. In this scenario, the crashing of activity is discussed with ACME project changes. The crashing is performed for improper yet lengthy activities in the project as well the costly resource employment tasks. For instance, the activity of Design Production Machinery and Build Production Machinery may be included in the project as the single task. In such way, the time should be shortened to 18 weeks. Again, the design building activity and requirements specification tasks may be merged for completion within 12 weeks time. The advertising campaign activity may be performed within two weeks time. In this manner, the total timeline will be shrunk in a smaller schedule (Richman 2012). 3.4 Analysis of Cost and Time performance for the project The cost and time performance may be measured by analysis Net Present Value and payback period analysis. The NPV analysis is essential to get a better view of present value acquisition in the project after the certain time. The NPV analysis may be performed with certain percentage of 6% rate with the discount factor of (1/1.06) yearly. Again, the payback period analysis determines the time in which the project will provide better revenues to the project employing organization (Richman and Richman 2011). In this context, ACME project should consider both of them to get project performance. 3.5 Change Management in the Project The change management will be performed with better stakeholder communication process and planning. Within the project life cycle, the project manager should have to consider a major role of revising the roles and responsibilities within stakeholder meeting. The meeting will provide individual role and activity change specification; for instance, if a natural disaster occurs as a certain incident with losing resources, then the project manager will have to accommodate the project completion within time (Rmit.edu.au 2016). Otherwise, the project may require additional cost and budget to complete with more workforces in this context. 3.6 Project Closeout Project closeout is simple with conducting a meeting with stakeholder sign-out and Post Performance Review meeting. In a case of completion of the building and production line, the stakeholders involved with the construction are signed out from the project. Then the project manager will be conducting PIR meeting for more modification and the completed project performance analysis (Roberts 2011). 3.7 Evaluation of the Completed Project The assessment of the completed project is performed with PIR meeting with employment project organization. The methods of measuring the performance of a project are may be sure KPIs of the building, the NPV analysis, payback analysis, and ROI analysis. Mainly the PIR document has some factors of completion evaluation, construction evaluation criteria, and authority reviews (Sankaran 2015). Finally, the paper is signed with approval for successful completion of the project. Conclusion The project management study is carried out on the application of project management concepts for the preparation of a project for the ACME Products Plc organization to set up a new manufacturing facility and integration of the production in the new facility with the existing factories in other parts of the country. The feedbacks from the stakeholders regarding the outcome were in the positive manner as they were regularly updated about the progress of the project. The active participation of the team members assisted in completing the project within the estimated timeframe and cost. References Botchkarev, A. and Finnigan, P., 2015. Complexity in the Context of Information Systems Project Management. Organisational Project Management, 2(1), p.15. Brown, L., 2011. Project management for the pharmaceutical industry. Farnham, England: Gower. Clements, J. and Gido, J., 2012. Effective project management. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Collins, R., 2011. Project management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Cooke, H. and Tate, K., 2011. The McGraw-Hill 36-hour course. New York: McGraw-Hill. Dalcher, D., 2013. The IT Project Management Answer Book. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(5), pp.e1-e1. Davidson Frame, J., 2014. Reconstructing Project Management. Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.e2-e2. Dinsmore, P. and Cabanis-Brewin, J., 2011. The AMA handbook of project management. New York: American Management Association. Editorial Board, 2013. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), p.IFC. Gido, J. and Clements, J., 2012. Successful project management. Mason, OH: South-Western. Hllgren, M., 2012. The construction of research questions in project management. International Journal of Project Management, 30(7), pp.804-816. Harrin, E. and Peplow, P., 2012. Customer-centric project management. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower. Heagney, J., 2012. Fundamentals of project management. New York: American Management Association. Holzmann, V., 2013. A meta-analysis of brokering knowledge in project management. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), pp.2-13. Huemann, M., 2013. Excellent research to move project management forward. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), pp.161-163. Hughes, B., 2012. Project management for IT-related projects. London: BCS. Hydari, H., 2013. Second Order Project Management. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(2), pp.100-100. Ika, L., 2015. Opening the black box of project management: Does World Bank project supervision influence project impact?. International Journal of Project Management, 33(5), pp.1111-1123. Indelicato, G., 2013. Total Quality Management for Project Management. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(4), pp.e1-e1. Joslin, R. and Mller, R., 2015. Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts. International Journal of Project Management, 33(6), pp.1377-1392. Levin, G., 2013. Project Management for Non-Project Managers. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(5), pp.e2-e2. Martinsuo, M., 2013. Project portfolio management in practice and in context. International Journal of Project Management, 31(6), pp.794-803. Mastrofini, E., 2013. Project management template / Project management facile con le mappe mentali. PROJECT MANAGER (IL), (16), pp.47-47. Mir, F. and Pinnington, A., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: Linking Project Management Performance and Project Success. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), pp.202-217. Ponnappa, G., 2014. Project Stakeholder Management. Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e3-e3. Randolph, S., 2012. Fundamentals of Project Management, Fourth Edition. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 43(4), pp.81-81. Randolph, S., 2014. Maximizing Project Value: A Project Manager's Guide. Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e2-e2. Richman, L. and Richman, L., 2011. Successful project management. New York: American Management Association. Richman, L., 2012. Improving your project management skills. New York: American Management Association. Rmit.edu.au, 2016. Construction and project management - RMIT University. [online] Available at: https://www.rmit.edu.au/study-with-us/building-construction-and-planning/construction-and-project-management/ [Accessed 23 Jan. 2016]. Roberts, P., 2011. Effective project management. London, UK: Kogan Page. Sankaran, S., 2015. Call for Papers Special issue: Project Management in the Non-Profit Sector. Organisational Project Management, 2(1). Scally, W., 2013. Sustainability in Project Management. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(2), pp.101-101. Turner, R., 2012. International Journal of Project Management, Editorial January 2012. International Journal of Project Management, 30(1), p.1. Wbdg.org, 2016. Project Planning, Delivery, and Controls | Whole Building Design Guide. [online] Available at: https://www.wbdg.org/project/ [Accessed 23 Jan. 2016]. Wells, K. and Kloppenborg, T., 2015. Project management essentials. New York, NY: Business Expert Press.